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Computer networks appeared in the 50s, and so far, they have gone through a process of development from simple to complex, from low to high. Although the history of computer network development is not long, it is very fast.
For more than a decade after the world's first electronic computer was introduced in 1946, computers were few and expensive. In the early days, the so-called computer network was mainly created to solve this contradiction, and its form was to directly connect a computer to several terminals through a communication line. This is a simple computer online system that is also known as a terminal computer network or a terminal-oriented computer network.
With the development of computer applications and the decline of hardware, a department or a large company often has multiple computer systems, which are distributed in different locations, and they need to exchange information, so there is a computer group that connects computer systems with communication lines for the main purpose of transmitting information, which is the low-level form of computer network, which is called computer communication network.
With the rapid development and wide application of computer communication network, users have higher and higher requirements for the network, not only requiring computers to transmit information between them, but also hoping to share the resources of computers in the network or call several computer systems in the network to complete a certain work together. This kind of computer network with the main purpose of sharing resources makes it as convenient for users to use the resources in the network as it is to use the resources of the local computer, and this kind of network is the so-called computer computer network, referred to as the computer network.
Like most computer technologies, the development of network technology depends on the development of many other technologies, some of which are important technologies, one is low-cost computer hardware, and the other is computer software to manage hardware. In turn, other technologies rely on computer networks to increase productivity and share software and hardware resources. This interdependence is an important factor in the development of the network.
From the history of computer network development, what can be seen is a computer network? There are different understandings from different perspectives at different times. Now it is generally believed that a computer network is a geographically dispersed, multiple computers with independent functions are connected by communication equipment and lines, and realize resource sharing under the condition of corresponding network software (network protocol, network operating system, etc.).
In 1970, the Federation of Information Processing Societies of the United States defined a computer network as "a collection of computer systems that are connected in a way that can share resources (hardware, software, data, etc.) with each other, and each has its own independent function." The computers here can be mainframe computers, small computers, and microcomputers, among others.
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Computer, commonly known as computer, is an electronic computer used for high-speed calculation, which can perform numerical calculations, logical calculations, and also has the function of storage and memory.
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