What were the forces that hindered Shang Ying s reform at that time?

It was mainly the slave owners and the old aristocracy, these people were vested interests, and they did not want to destroy their interests by changing the law.

At that time, the people who hindered Shang Ying's reform were some princes and nobles, and large families, because the change would touch their interests and money, so they desperately wanted to prevent the change.

The main princes and nobles, large families, and slave owners who hindered the reform of the Shang Dynasty. In order not to harm their own interests, they prevent the change of law.

The answer is: it is nothing more than the vested interests of the Qin State, such as the incompetent and greedy old nobles, such as the unenterprising princes and grandsons.

Slave owners and old aristocrats, the Shang Dynasty destroyed their system of unearned gains, and everyone relied on military merit to obtain titles.

The old nobles controlled a lot of money in their hands, and if the Shang Dynasty changed the law, it would touch their interests, so they didn't want the Shang Dynasty to change the law.

Not only the upper class, but also the ordinary people of the Qin State also complained about Shang Ying's law change. Because the Shang Dynasty changed the law and deprived them of a peaceful life, the vast majority of Qin men were armed into the army, causing countless families to be separated.

The fundamental reasons for the reform of the Shang Dynasty: (1) The reform conformed to the historical development trend and conformed to the national conditions of the Qin State, which was the fundamental reason for the success of the reform.

2) The reform was strongly supported by Qin Xiaogong, and the implementation of the reform measures was resolute, which was also an important reason for the success of the reform.

3) Shang Ying, regardless of his personal safety, dared to resolutely fight against the old forces.

However, what Shang Ying advocated in the reform of the law: only by eradicating 'benevolence, righteousness, peace, kindness, filial piety', will the country be strong;Only when everyone spies on each other and informs each other will the country be strong; It is necessary to be 'weak people' and 'foolish people' in order for the country to be strong and prosperous. It is the dregs of feudal society, which is very contrary to the development of human civilization and should be discarded.

Its main contents are:

1) Abolish the well-field system of the aristocracy, "open up the frontier and seal the territory", abolish the slave system of state ownership of land, implement private ownership of land, and the state recognizes private ownership of land and allows free buying and selling.

2) Universally implement the county system and set up county-level bureaucracy; "Gather small capitals and townships into counties", take counties as local administrative units, abolish the sub-feudal system, "all thirty-one counties", the county has a county order to preside over the county government, a county to assist the county order, and a county lieutenant to take charge of the military. The county has jurisdiction over a number of capitals, townships, towns and gatherings.

Ji Gongsun, a descendant of the monarch of Wei, was a politician, reformer, thinker, and jurist during the Warring States period. Shang Ying's famous achievement was to make the Qin state a great power at that time through reforms. Due to the inconvenient transportation, the communication between the Qin State and the Central Plains region was very inconvenient.

A large number of slave social practices were abandoned, and ideas and customs were relatively backward. In addition, in order to compete for power, the ruling class of the Qin State launched a civil war, and the country was unstable and did not develop at all.

However, after Shang Ying arrived in the Qin State, he got Qin Mugong.

support, began the reform. Politically, he reformed household registration, military merit, land system, and administrative divisions.

Taxation, weights and measures, folk customs, etc., advocate strict punishment and strict laws. Economically, he advocated valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce, rewarding farming and weaving. Militarily, he led the Qin army to recover Hexi. Shang Ying's reforms were so successful that he was made Shang Jun.

However, in 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong.

After his death, Shang Ying was accused of rebellion by Qin Ziqian, and was defeated and killed in Tongluo. His body was smashed and shown to the public.

<> essence of the Shang Dynasty reform was to strengthen the absolute power of the monarch and weaken the conservative aristocratic power, so as to achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the army. What monarch did not like such reforms? Shang Ying proposed three policies to Qin Xiaogong, namely the way of the emperor, the way of the king, and the way of the overlord.

The first two times Shang Ying talked about the way of the emperor and the way of the overlord, Qin Xiaogong almost fell asleep, so that the referee Jing Jian was reprimanded by Qin Xiaogong.

When they met for the third time, Shang Ying spoke of domineering. Qin Xiaogong's eyes were straight, and he moved the cushion many times, which was close to Shang Ying's cover. The two talked for three days and three nights, and they didn't get tired.

After the conversation, Qin Xiaogong immediately started the reform of Shang Yang with Shang Yang as the leader, which changed the course of Chinese history. In the process of reform, there were many resistances, but Qin Xiaogong unswervingly supported Shang Ying and promoted the reform. Unsurprisingly, a powerful Great Qin Empire.

Suddenly it rose among the nations!

So, what did Shang Ying's reforms change? Why did the emperor and the royal road make Qin Xiaogong not recuperate and succeed? The decline of the emperor and the royal road. The emperor refers to the three kings and five emperors in ancient times.

Strictly speaking, there was no one at that time"country", only the ecological model of the tribal alliance. The emperor governs the country, paying attention to the rule of inaction, and the people are like wild deer and standard branches, which is the original way of governing the country. The royal road refers to the co-governance model of the monarch and the aristocracy under the feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The Son of Heaven was enthroned, and the prince and the Son of Heaven jointly ruled the world.

When Shang Ying changed the law, he was supported by the great void and pure power of Qin Xiaogong's Yingqu Liangcha. After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he was determined to reform and become strong. He asked Shang Ying to implement a series of reforming and reforming systems.

With the support of Qin Mugong and the support of the supreme ruler, the Shang Ying reform was able to succeed.

Qin Xiaogong, he is very capable, and he is also the monarch of Qin, so Shang Ying can change the law.

Two opposing classes are formed. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the popularization and use of iron tools and ox farming, a large amount of wasteland has been reclaimed, and some slave owners have turned the newly cultivated fields into private property for rent, so that two classes of landlords and peasants have emerged.

The need for the development of the feudal economy. During the Warring States Period, in order to abolish the privileges of the old aristocratic Shiqing Shilu, establish feudal rule, and develop the feudal economy, the new landlord class set off a reform movement in various countries one after another.

The need for countries to compete for hegemony. At that time, the competition between the vassal states was fierce, and in order to be in an advantageous position in the struggle for hegemony and not to be swallowed up by other countries, various countries competed to carry out reforms to enrich the country and strengthen the army.

In order to enhance the strength of the Qin State, Qin Xiaogong introduced talents and changed the law to become stronger. So Shang Ying was reused.

In the early Warring States period, the collapse of the Jingtian system, the emergence of private ownership of land, and the reform of taxation were all later than those of the other six countries, and the social and economic development lagged behind the other six large countries.

In order to be in an advantageous position in the war of the princes, avoid being annexed by the other six countries.

The idea of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce had a significant positive effect in the early stage of feudal society, which promoted economic development, but in the later period of feudal society, especially from the middle and late Ming Dynasty, its negative role began to dominate, and it hindered the emergence and development of capitalism.

Of course, there are other contents of his changes that will also have an important impact on later generations, such as:

the county system, which laid the foundation for the implementation of the county system in most later dynasties; and the recognition of private ownership of land contributed to the development of feudal society.

The state of Qin became strong and then gradually unified the six kingdoms.