What are the problems in China s sensor industry?

1. The scale of local enterprises is small, and the impact of foreign products is serious There are more than 1,300 colleges, research institutes and enterprises engaged in the development and production of sensitive components and sensors in China, but there are few backbone enterprises with strong comprehensive strength in research and production, accounting for only about 10% of the total. The domestic market is very seriously affected by foreign products, and hundreds of domestic first-class foreign sensor products have made foreign goods occupy a major share in the domestic sensor market. Second, the technology is repeated tracking, and there is little independent technological innovation At present, many enterprises in China are using foreign components for processing, and there are very few independent research and development products, and the ability of independent innovation is very weak.

Even many enterprises only stay at the level of foreign products, and the development space is stretched. Domestic sensor enterprises have developed according to the inertia of long-term dependence on foreign technology, and have formed a situation of "strong outside and dry in the middle" in technology, which not only loses the market for high-end products, but also directly leads to a single variety of products that they can produce, and homogenization is very serious. Even a considerable number of domestic products can only imitate the appearance of others, even so, due to the low level of technology, the sensitivity, accuracy and reliability of imitation products are also unsatisfactory.

Third, the low level of industrialization technology China attaches great importance to the resource investment in the research and development stage of sensor technology, but relatively ignores the basic development of industrialization, the development of basic technology for productization and commercialization is seriously lagging behind, and the common basic technologies related to materials, manufacturing processes and equipment, testing and instruments are out of touch with each other, restricting the process of industrialization, and 10-15 years behind the international level. Fourth, the distribution is uneven, and there are a huge number of small private capital Domestic sensor manufacturers are mainly concentrated in Shaanxi Province and the eastern and coastal areas, and there are relatively few other regions in the west and inland areas. More than 90 per cent of these enterprises are small enterprises, and many of them are "school-run factories" run by colleges and universities.

Since the early investment in sensor manufacturing does not require a lot, there are many small capital such as private capital involved. The existence of a large number of small enterprises has made the low-end sensor field, the first competition of domestic sensors into a tragic state, and on the other hand, in the high, refined, cutting-edge field, domestic sensor business is bleak. Fifth, the performance of the product is relatively low Sixth, the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, the practical process of new technologies is slow Seven, the lack of professionals The sensor industry involves physics, chemistry, biology, electronics, and even computer networks and other disciplines, and its wide range of applications in the entire electronics industry can be said that there is no other product that can surpass it, and it is quite difficult to master its basic principles and apply them to production practice.

As a result, although the development prospects of the sensor industry are extremely high, there is an extreme shortage of professionals in sensor technology compared with computers, networks, semiconductor integrated circuit design, communications and other majors. Article from: China Chuangyi.

The development direction of sensors includes 1Development of new sensors. 2.

Miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence.

1. Intelligent, the two development trajectories go hand in hand.

One direction is the integration of a variety of sensing functions and data processing, storage, two-way communication, etc., which can fully or partially realize signal detection, transformation processing, logic judgment, function calculation, two-way communication, as well as internal self-check, self-calibration, self-compensation, self-diagnosis and other functions, with low-cost, high-precision information collection, data storage and communication, programming automation and function diversification.

Second, it can be moved, and the application of wireless sensor network technology is accelerated.

The key to wireless sensor network technology is to overcome node resource constraints (energy**, computing and communication capabilities, storage space, etc.) and meet the requirements of sensor network scalability, fault tolerance, etc. This technology has been named by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Technology Review magazine as the top 10 emerging technologies that will have a profound impact on the future of human life.

3. Miniaturization, the research and development of MEMS sensors has sprung up.

With the increasing maturity of integrated micro-electronic machining technology, MEMS sensors introduce semiconductor processing processes (such as oxidation, lithography, diffusion, deposition, etching) into the production and manufacturing of sensors, realizing large-scale production and providing important technical support for the development of sensor miniaturization. In recent years, Japan, the United States, and the European Union have made important progress in the technical fields of semiconductor devices, microsystems and microstructures, velocity measurement, microsystem processing methods and equipment, microphones, loudspeakers, horizontal ranging gyroscopes, lithography plates, and the determination and analysis of material properties.

Fourth, the integrated, multi-functional integrated sensor has attracted attention.

Sensor integration includes two types: one is the integration of multiple sensors of the same type, that is, multiple sensing elements with the same function are arranged on the same plane with an integration process to form a linear sensor (such as a CCD image sensor). The other is multi-functional integration, such as several different sensitive components made on the same silicon wafer to make an integrated multi-functional sensor, with high integration, small size, easy to achieve compensation and correction, which is the main direction of the current sensor integration development.

Fifth, diversification, the emergence of a variety of new sensors.

New sensitive materials are the technical basis of sensors, and material technology research and development is an important means to improve performance, reduce costs and upgrade technology. In addition to traditional semiconductor materials, optical fibers, etc., organic sensitive materials, ceramic materials, superconductivity, nano and biological materials have become hot spots in research and development, and new sensors such as biosensors, optical fiber sensors, gas sensors, and digital sensors have accelerated their emergence.

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's sensor technology and its industry have made great progress. In the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological research projects, sensor technology research has achieved 51 varieties and 86 specifications of new products, and the sensitive components and sensor industry has been initially established; In 2007, the total output of the sensor industry reached 100 million, and there were nearly 6,000 varieties and specifications, and they have been applied in various sectors of the national economy and national defense construction.

The scale of China's sensor industry continues to grow, and technology has continued to achieve breakthroughs, especially in the fields of biological sensors, chemical sensors, infrared sensors, image sensors, and industrial sensors. Although China's sensor industry has made many achievements, there are also certain problems, but the industry prospects are very bright.

The development of China's sensor industry is mainly due to the wide application of sensors in industrial and automotive electronic products, communication electronic products, and consumer electronic products. At present, the market size of flow sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors is very large, and China can achieve mass production in the fields of light-sensitive, voltage-sensitive, thermal, force-sensitive, gas-sensitive, magnetic and humidity-sensitive sensors. These have promoted the steady development of China's sensor industry.

Geographically, China's sensor production is mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, while the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin region, and central cities such as Shenyang and Xi'an have gradually formed and developed the sensor industry in recent years. With the development of the Internet of Things, sensors will develop in more cities, and the layout of China's sensor industry will be more extensive and reasonable.

The main problems in China's sensor industry are concentrated in technology and innovation. At present, China's sensor innovation ability is still insufficient, so the core technology is lacking, and the production capacity in the field of high-end sensors is low, relying on imports. At the same time, there has been no real breakthrough in common key technologies, especially in the sensor design software with independent intellectual property rights.

This also leads to an unreasonable industrial structure and weak enterprise capabilities. These are the problems that should be solved in the development of China's sensor industry. Reference.

The development of sensors is precision-oriented.

As a key component of automated intelligent equipment, sensors can be said to be the foundation and core of the development of intelligent manufacturing. It is widely used in various fields of social development and human life, especially in the fields of mechanical equipment manufacturing, scientific instrumentation, medical and health, communication electronics, etc., and sensors have been widely used. At present, sensors are developing in the direction of miniaturization, multi-functionalization, digitalization, intelligence, systematization and networking, and market applications are growing explosively.

There is no doubt that smart sensors will become one of the core devices for the development of industrial Internet, Internet of Things, industrial big data and even artificial intelligence.

Nowadays, the global manufacturing industry is moving towards the era of digitalization and intelligence, and intelligent manufacturing is becoming the top priority of the development of the manufacturing industry in many countries. Although the scale of China's manufacturing industry has jumped to the first place in the world, the characteristics of large but not strong are very obvious. With the intensification of international competition, the development of intelligent manufacturing will become the only way for China to achieve an industrial power.

At present, the scale of the sensor market is gradually increasing, and related instrument companies have ushered in a good opportunity for rapid development. In recent years, the domestic sensor industry has developed rapidly, and the application scenarios of sensors have increased a lot. However, in the high-end market, the phenomenon of monopoly by foreign enterprises is still very prominent.

Taking the high-end sensors used in the aerospace field as an example, although China can be independent, but because the relevant technology is mainly mastered by scientific research institutes, large-scale industrial production does not have the conditions. In the long run, China's sensor industry will continue to face the problems of small scale and weak innovation ability.

Innovation is a systematic project, which requires the entire industry and society to reach a consensus, gather all kinds of innovation resources, and work together to break through bottlenecks. Recently, the "Intelligent Sensor Innovation Alliance" initiated by 11 domestic first-class scientific research units, including Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China Instrument and Control Society, and MEMS researchers of Zibo High-tech Zone, was established in Beijing. It is reported that the purpose of the intelligent sensor innovation alliance is to bury "integration of innovation resources, focus on industrial development", it takes the initiator of the innovation ecosystem as a link, and forms a long-term and stable cooperation mechanism through the complementary advantages of member units, so as to promote universities, research institutes and enterprises to strengthen exchanges and cooperation, collaborative research and development of key technologies, cultivate talents at all levels, and promote the transformation of basic research results, so as to enhance the technological innovation ability and core competitiveness of China's sensor industry.

The formation of this national-level "intelligent sensor innovation ecosystem" will undoubtedly promote the rapid development of China's sensor industry and promote the development process of China's intelligent manufacturing.

At present, the competition between the countries is intensifying, and the competition of national strength is increasingly transforming into the confrontation of scientific and technological strength. For the sensor industry, only by accelerating independent innovation and promoting the integration of technologies in related fields can we promote its rapid progress and meet the needs of industrial Internet, Internet of Things, industrial big data and artificial intelligence for sensors.

Sensor (English name: transducer sensor) is a kind of detection device, which can feel the measured information, and can transform the felt information into an electrical signal or other required information output according to a certain law, so as to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.

The characteristics of the sensor include: micro-swimming, digitalization, intelligence, multi-functionalization, systematization, and networking. It is the first link to realize automatic detection and automatic control.

The existence and development of sensors allow objects to have senses such as touch, taste, and smell, allowing objects to slowly become alive. It is usually divided into ten categories: thermal elements, photosensitive elements, gas-sensitive elements, force-sensitive elements, magnetic sensitive elements, moisture-sensitive elements, acoustic components, radiation-sensitive elements, color-sensitive elements and taste-sensitive elements according to their basic sensing functions.

The impact of the environment on the sensor is mainly in the following aspects:

In a highly corrosive environment, such as moisture and acid, which affect the sensor due to elastomer damage or short circuit, the outer surface should be sprayed with plastic or stainless steel cover, and the sensor with good corrosion resistance and good sealing should be selected.

The effect of electromagnetic fields on the output of a disordered signal from a sensor. In this case, the shielding of the sensor should be strictly checked to see if it has good electromagnetic resistance.

The high-temperature environment causes problems such as melting of the coating material, opening of solder joints, and structural changes in the stress in the elastomer. For sensors working in high-temperature environments, high-temperature sensors are often used; In addition, it must be equipped with thermal insulation, water cooling or air cooling.

Dust and moisture have an impact on the short circuit of the sensor. Under these environmental conditions, a highly hermetic sensor should be used. Different sensors are sealed in different ways, and their airtight storage and transportation indicators are very different.

Common seals are sealant-filled or coated; Rubber pads are mechanically fastened and sealed; Welding (TIG welding, plasma beam welding) and vacuum nitrogen sealing.

Application dependence refers to the fact that sensor technology is basically an application technology, and its market development mostly depends on the application of detection devices and automatic control systems, so as to truly reflect its high added benefits and form a real market. That is to say, the development of sensor technology should be market-oriented and demand-driven.

Flammable and explosive not only cause complete damage to the sensor, but also pose a great threat to other equipment and personal safety. Therefore, the sensor working in the flammable and explosive environment puts forward higher requirements for the explosion-proof performance: the explosion-proof sensor must be selected in the flammable and explosive environment, and the sealed cover of the sensor should not only consider its airtightness, but also take into account the explosion-proof strength, as well as the waterproof, moisture-proof and explosion-proof nature of the cable lead-out.