What institutional advances did the Ming Dynasty have? The development trend of the feudal system in

The abolition of the prime minister made the extremely "professional" emperor hold both "governing power" and "unifying power". The emperor who lacks political qualifications can only hold the "unified power", and the civil officials have the "governing power", as long as the internal and external peace is peaceful, the country can continue to operate without worrying about the appearance of disorderly government, and professional bureaucrats can solve almost all problems.

The Ming Dynasty had no obstacles in the abolition and establishment of the system, the abolition of the prime minister, the establishment of the cabinet, the establishment of the Jinyi Guard, the East and West Factory, the vote system, the Zongvassal system, the Longqing Peace Conference, the Answer to the tribute, the Wei system, etc., were all built to improve the rule, and the Ming Dynasty's nearly 300 years of rule was still very effective.

The eunuchs participated in the handling of government affairs, and the eunuchs' participation in politics gained a de facto presence in the Ming Dynasty, and the eunuchs were in charge of the emperor's seal, which actually formed a relationship of checks and balances with the cabinet. Indirectly formed a kind of institutional balance, the two sides supervised each other, but were not subject to each other's sanctions, which helped the Ming Dynasty to form a good chemical reaction for a long time.

Bagu Zhishi abolished the original free answers, and adopted a fixed format and fixed content, so that candidates could not speak freely, but had to break through their own characteristics in customization, so they had to rack their brains to describe their views and strategies. On the other hand, the difficulties of the eight shares and the rigid pursuit of innovation have improved the degree of specialization of the candidates, so that they can focus on politics.

The centralization of power became more and more serious, and the emperor was too busy to do anything, so he let the cabinet assist, and was afraid that the power of the cabinet would expand, so he used eunuchs to suppress it, and as a result, the eunuch dictatorship became more and more serious.

In terms of the local administrative system, in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the system of "Xingzhongshu Province", and changed the power of the provincial government to the management situation of "three divisions separately" in the specific operation. The three divisions refer to the secretaries of the political envoys who control administrative affairs; the Sentencing and Prosecution Division, which controls judicial supervision affairs; The commander of the military affairs is the commander of the embassy.

** The implementation of the cabinet system, the Ming Dynasty cabinet is the Ming Dynasty Jianwen four years (1402) to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644) of the emperor's advisory body, after which the power gradually increased, and later formed as the administrative center of the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty system of electing officials included imperial examinations, recommendations, schools, and elections. The imperial examination is the imperial examination, and it is the most important system for selecting officials.

Recommendation is to obtain an official position by selling to others or to the emperor yourself, which was more common in the early Ming Dynasty and less common in later generations, and was abolished many times. The school is Guozijian, and the students of Guozijian are divided into those who fail in the imperial examination, those who are admitted because of their ancestors' merits, and those who pay money to enter the school, but no matter what, they can be officials directly.