Why is the positive 2 price of copper more stable than the positive 1 price?

Why is the positive 2 price of copper more stable than the positive 1 price?

Answer: The Cu+ ion has a D10 structure, so it has a certain relative stability, and the Cu(1) compound is stable in the dry state. But this newly completed D10 electron sublayer has an unstable side and tends to lose one more electron to form Cu2+ ions

Cu+====Cu2+(2+Superscript)+e E. == Volt.

Due to the high hydration energy (kcal) of divalent copper ions, the compounds of divalent copper ions are stable in the presence of water. then monovalent copper ions are prone to disproportionation in aqueous solution:

2Cu+(aq)====(reversible sign)Cu(S)+Cu2+(aq) At 20 degrees, the equilibrium constant k value of this reaction is k==(Cu2+) (Cu+)== 10 superscript.

The valence electrons of copper are obviously 3d(10)4s(1)!Wouldn't it be more stable to lose an electron d orbital to full full? Why is the positive 2 price of copper more stable than the positive 1 price?

A: Cu is easily disproportionated into Cu2 and Cu. This is due to the large enthalpy of hydration of Cu2.

In addition, if the covalent component of the bond formed between the ligand and the copper ion is large, Cu is more stable than Cu2, such as CuCl, Cu, Cu(CN)2, etc.

To put it simply, because there are two electrons in the outermost shell of Cu, it is easy to lose two electrons to reach a stable structure of 8 electrons.

Because a stable electron shell is formed.

Because the extranuclear electronic configuration of copper is 2,8,18,1

The loss of one electron becomes a more stable full-filled structure, so it has +1 valence.

The reason why there is +2 valence is because the divalent ion of Cu has a larger hydration energy in the solution, and this value exceeds the second ionization energy.

The reasons why monovalent copper is stable over bivalent copper are as follows:

1. The monovalent copper ion has a D10 structure, has a certain stability, the copper compound is stable in the dry state, the D10 electron sublayer has the unstable finger side of the beam, and tends to lose another electron to form divalent copper ions, which are transported to the divalent copper ions by the cavity and have higher hydration energy, in the presence of water, the compounds of divalent copper ions are stable, and the monovalent copper ions undergo disproportionation reaction in the aqueous solution;

2. The charge number of divalent copper ions is high, the heat of hydration is large, and the divalent copper ions are more stable in solution.

Why is copper bivalent and common? It's not a positive price.

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The copper element generally exists in the form of positive bivalent, not positive bivalent, because the copper element has a higher ionization energy, and its ionization energy is, while the ionization energy of the chlorine element is only, therefore, it is easier for the copper element to obtain electrons, thus forming a positive bivalent state. Extended Information: The positive bivalentity of the copper element is due to its electronic configuration.

There are 29 protons in the nucleus of the copper element, and the electronic configuration is [ar]3d10 4s1, where the number of electrons in the 3d layer is 10, and the number of electrons in the 4s layer is 1, so the number of electrons in its outer shell is 11, and the electronic configuration satisfies its positive bivalentity. The positive monovalent element is generally an element with 8 outer electrons, such as hydrogen, helium, etc., so the copper element is not a positive monovalent element.