What materials do the Miao people need when building a stilted house

In the past, the stilted building was generally covered with thatch or cedar bark, and there were also stone slabs as the roof, and now, the stilted building in western Hubei is mostly covered with mud tiles. The construction of the stilted building is a major event in the life of the Tujia people. The first step is to prepare all the wood, the Tujia people call "cutting Qingshan", generally choose the Tsubaki tree or purple tree, Tsubaki, purple because of the homonym "spring", "son" and auspicious, which means that the spring is often big, the descendants are prosperous; The second step is to process the girder and column material, called the "frame size", and draw the gossip, Taiji diagram, lotus seed and other patterns on the beam; The third process is called "row fan", that is, the processed beam and column are connected to the tenon and arranged into a wooden fan; The fourth step is the "standing house pillar", the owner chooses the auspicious day of the zodiac, asks the neighbors to help, and the beam is sacrificed before the beam, and then everyone works together to erect a row of wooden fans, at this time, the firecrackers are ringing in unison, and the neighbors send gifts to congratulate.

After the pillars of the standing house are nailed rafters, tiles, and slab walls. Wealthy families also decorate the eaves on the roof, carve dragons and phoenixes under the porch holes, and decorate the balcony wooden railings.

A method for determining the construction sequence of high-rise stilted building groups under the condition of multi-level steep slope, comprising:

Step 1, according to the topography of the area, determine the construction sequence of the stilted building group as follows: the construction of the stilted building from the low-lying ground to the stilted building in the higher terrain;

Step 2, according to the geological survey report of the area, determine the construction ladder area of the stilted building group, and sort it from bottom to top;

Step 3, according to the stilted building group, the design drawings and the geological survey report of the area where it is located, preliminarily judge the construction sequence type of the stilted building group from the plane, that is, two types of regular flow water construction and irregular sequential construction;

Step 4, select one of the construction sequence types to carry out construction on stilted buildings;

Step 5, real-time extraction of monitoring point data placed in different sources with stilt building locations and slopes, statistical analysis and comprehensive judgment of the construction process on the slope and the stilt building itself safety impact, timely feedback, correction of the construction sequence.

Described multi-level steep slope condition high-rise stilt building group construction sequence determination method, step 4, for regular flow construction, in different ladder areas, according to the number of stilted buildings, respectively with crack kai organize the corresponding construction team to carry out construction to this step stilted building.

Described multi-level steep slope condition high-rise stilt building group construction sequence determination method, in step 4, for irregular sequential construction, in different ladder areas, only arrange specific construction team, carry out this step stilt building construction.

Data expansion: Building a decent stilted building was once the lifelong dream and pursuit of the Tujia people, and the whole construction process was called "Huatang" by the Tujia people.

To build a stilted building, it is necessary to use dozens of hundreds of wooden pillars and various wooden components, without a nail and a rivet, all connected by mortise and tenon joints, wearing buckets, etc., which lasted three or four months.

In the whole process of building a house, the "standing house" is the symbol of the basic completion of the stilted building, including the procedures of row fan, fan, worship beam, beam opening, beam wrapping, upper beam, beam throwing and so on. On the day of the "establishment of the house", the Tujia villagers in ten miles and eight townships had to take a hand, which was not only to help but also to congratulate.

With the rise of brick-concrete buildings in Tujia settlements, it is very rare to build new stilted buildings according to traditional craftsmanship, and high-rise stilted buildings are generally concrete structures, which have a greater impact on the surrounding environment and slope safety due to their large loads. In the construction of high-rise stilted buildings under the condition of multi-level steep slope, because the stilted buildings are distributed on different slopes, the load increases at the same time, which has a direct impact on the safety of the slope and the main safety of the stilted building itself.

The cottage is inhabited by stilted buildings. Most of the Miao people live in mountainous areas, the mountains are high and the slopes are steep, and it is not easy to excavate the foundation, and the weather is changeable, damp and foggy, and the ground atmosphere at the bottom of the brick house is very heavy, which is not suitable for living. Therefore, the Miao people have always been close to the mountains and rivers, and built a kind of dry wooden building with good ventilation performance, called "stilted building".

Hmong stilted buildings are usually built on slopes and are divided into two or three floors. The top layer is very short, and it does not live with only food. Downstairs are stacked with debris or used as a livestock pen. If there are two floors, the top floor will not be covered. Generally, the walls are made of bamboo paste and the roof is covered with grass. Nowadays, most of them have been changed to tile roofs.

The stilted building of the Miao nationality[1] is built on the slope, and the ground is cut into an earthen platform in the shape of a "factory", which is supported by long wooden pillars under the earthen platform, and a section of the platform is installed with a pier and a beam according to the height of the earthen platform, which is parallel to the earthen platform. The stilted building is seven or eight meters low, and the high one is thirteen or fourteen meters, covering an area of twelve or thirteen square meters. Except for a few covered with cedar bark, most of the roofs are covered with green tiles, which are smooth and tight, generous and neat.

The first floor of the residential building is connected to the upper and lower floors by a wooden staircase, and there is a corridor passage on this floor, which is about 1 meter wide. The hall is a welcoming room, and each room on each side is divided into two or three small rooms for bedrooms or kitchens. The room is spacious and bright, with symmetrical doors and windows.

Some Miao families also have fire pits in the side room, and they burn fires here in winter to keep warm.

There is a large door in front of the central nave, and the door is two, and there is a window on each side. Under the front eaves of the middle hall, there are backrest railings, called "beauty leaning".

The stilted building is a traditional building of the Miao nationality, which is a unique ancient architectural form in southern China, with people living upstairs and overhead downstairs, which is considered by modern architects to be the best ecological architectural form。The stilted building is a unique building in Miao Township, it is close to the mountains and rivers, and the scales are stacked on top of each other.

Most of the residential buildings of the Miao people are stilted buildings, and they think that stilted buildings are more beautiful and beautiful.

Not only the Miao people live, the Tujia, the Yao and Dong people are stilted buildings, to be precise, the Xiangxi region and Guizhou are all stilted buildings Because it is in the mountains, there was only wood before, and there are different foundations in addition to the high bottom, so there are stilted buildings

Because they live in a complex environment, this type of building can adapt to the terrain and environment.

Because there is more precipitation in those places, such houses can prevent flooding.

Because the Miao people live in a high mountain with steep slopes, it is not easy to excavate the foundation, and the weather is changeable, damp and foggy, and the ground atmosphere at the bottom of the brick house is very heavy, which is not suitable for living.

Because it may have been handed down due to the customs of their place.

Because the environment in which the Miao people live is relatively humid, most of the buildings are stilted buildings.

The area where the Miao people live is relatively humid, so such buildings are needed.

Because the climate there is very humid, stilted buildings are used.

Because the first floor is wet and uneven. Secondly, there must always be a place for livestock