What nursing knowledge should be mastered when caring for a patient with high blood pressure?

Patients with high blood pressure should develop regular and healthy living habits, such as defecating on time every day, taking medicine on time, getting enough sleep, not staying in a noisy environment, or being excited for a long time, not staying up late, keeping warm when it is cold, avoiding heat when it is hot, and controlling weight appropriately. In terms of diet, pay attention to eating light, eat regularly and quantitatively, eat small and frequent meals, eat more low-fat, high-quality protein foods, eat less foods with high cholesterol, and eat more whole grains, green vegetables and fruits.

When we take care of patients with high blood pressure, we must measure blood pressure at a fixed time every day, and in terms of diet, we must eat low-fat, low-salt and low-sugar foods. It is also necessary to control emotions and not cause blood pressure to rise because of excitement.

1. Measure blood pressure at a fixed time every day and keep a record.

2. The diet must be light, low in fat, low salt and low sugar.

3. Emotions should not be too excited, so as not to cause high blood pressure and cause diseases.

4. Take antihypertensive medicine every day, not too much, and follow the doctor's prescription.

In addition to strict control of eating habits and work and rest habits, it is also necessary to ensure that the patient's mentality is balanced and not allowed to be overly excited.

My grandfather has high blood pressure, and every day we let him get up on time, go to bed on time, do physical exercise every day, eat and drink, and choose healthy foods suitable for high blood pressure.

We don't him off, and sometimes white lies are very good. Looking at Grandpa's happy life every day, we are really happy.

My advice for patients with high blood pressure is to take less and then gradually reduce a little bit of blood pressure medication.

When you don't eat it, your blood will be better than what you eat normally. Antihypertensive drugs allow blood vessels to pass for a short time, but in the long run, they do not solve the most fundamental problem that causes blood blockage.

Therefore, Chinese medicine can help the body the most.

The diet must be light, especially pay attention to less oil and less salt, and eat more green vegetables.

Exercising: Keeping a walk for about an hour and a half every day can not only improve immunity but also control blood pressure.

Be mentally stable, not impatient, and maintain a peaceful mind.

1.Psychological care.

Patients with essential hypertension are mainly elderly, and most of them will have pessimistic emotions such as fear, anxiety, depression, nervousness, and disappointment due to their lack of awareness of the disease, long-term medication and suffering. Therefore, medical staff provide patients with knowledge of hypertension and health care. Encourage patients to participate in light-hearted leisure activities, maintain an optimistic and peaceful mind, and avoid elevated blood pressure caused by emotional agitation or excessive stress.

2.Medication care.

Antihypertensive drugs should be used according to the doctor's instructions, and the efficacy and adverse reactions after medication should be observed. Medical staff should inform patients of the method, dose, adverse reactions and precautions of commonly used antihypertensive drugs, and also advise patients to insist on taking the drugs. The importance of long-term medications** should be emphasized, and maintenance doses should be continued after blood pressure is lowered to an ideal level with antihypertensive drugs to keep blood pressure relatively stable, especially in asymptomatic patients.

The drug cannot be stopped abruptly without authorization, and the dosage can be gradually reduced after the blood pressure is satisfactorily controlled. The following principles should be followed in the administration of antihypertensive drugs: Start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose as needed; Long-acting preparations are preferentially selected to effectively control nocturnal blood pressure and morning peak blood pressure, and more effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Combination medications:

When a low-dose monotherapy is not satisfied**, a combination of two or more antihypertensive drugs** may be used.

3.Complication care.

If the patient's blood pressure is persistently elevated, blood pressure should be measured 2 to 3 times a day. Acute left heart failure and pulmonary edema should be considered in the case of nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea, orthopnea, coughing up pink frothy sputum, and vesicular sounds at the base of the lungs; If there is a sharp increase in blood pressure, severe headache, vomiting, vision loss, convulsions, coma and other symptoms, the occurrence of hypertensive encephalopathy should be considered; Chronic renal failure should be considered in the presence of symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances. Doctors should be notified immediately.

4.General care.

It is necessary to keep the ward neat, clean and quiet, keep the indoor air fresh and smooth, and maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity. Maintain a safe environment, do not have too dark light in the activity place, and avoid dangerous factors such as slippery floors, obstacles, and no handrails in the bathroom. Someone should accompany the patient when they go to the toilet or go out.

The appointment can be made through the network, and the appointment may be successful at home.

Dietary Attention for High Blood Pressure:

1. Limit sodium intake. The diet should be light, eat less salty food, eat too much salt, will harden the arteries and increase blood pressure, and it is advisable to eat less than 5 grams of salt every day.

2. Eat less sweets. Sweets are high in sugar and can be converted into fat in the body, which can easily promote arteriosclerosis.

3. Eat less animal fat. Animals are high in cholesterol, which can accelerate arteriosclerosis. For example, liver, brain, heart, etc. should be eaten less.

4. Quit smoking and drink less. Patients with high blood pressure who have a habit of smoking and drinking will have myocardial infarction and stroke due to excessive smoking and alcohol.

5. It is advisable to eat more potassium foods. Foods that can buffer potassium in the body are: soybeans, adzuki beans, tomatoes, zucchini, celery, fresh mushrooms and various green leafy vegetables; Fruits are oranges, apples, bananas, pears, kiwis, persimmons, pineapples, walnuts, watermelons, etc.

6. It is advisable to eat more foods containing high-quality protein and vitamins. Such as fish, milk, lean meat, eggs, beans and soy products.

7. Calcium food. American medical experts believe that patients with high blood pressure insist on eating high-calcium foods every day, which can make about 2 3 people receive significant antihypertensive effects. There are many foods that contain calcium, such as dairy products, soy products, sesame paste, shrimp skin, kelp, bone broth, black fungus, walnuts, sardines, eggs, etc.

In addition to diet, daily life is also important, and emotional control should not be neglected.

Hypertension can be divided into benign and malignant types.

Malignant, also known as rapidly progressive hypertension, has a high diastolic blood pressure and causes necrotizing arteritis of the kidneys.

Azotemia, if not, dies in about a year.

Malignant hypertension occurs in 1% of essential hypertension.

Patients with hypertension have a continuous increase in arterial pressure, which leads to arteriolar sclerosis throughout the body, which affects the blood of tissues and organs**, causing various serious consequences and becoming a complication of hypertension. Among the various complications of hypertension, the damage to the heart, brain, and kidneys is the most significant.

1. Cerebrovascular accident.

Cerebrovascular accident is also known as stroke.

2. Renal arteriosclerosis and uremia.

Hypertension combined with renal failure accounts for about 10%.

3. Hypertensive heart disease.

Arterial pressure is persistently elevated, increasing the burden on the heart and causing compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy.

4. Coronary heart disease.

Changes in blood pressure can cause a homeostatic imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand.

If it is a hypertensive crisis, it is a severe symptom of the hypertension process.

The condition is dangerous. In particular, hypertensive encephalopathy is complicated.

In acute heart failure or acute renal failure.

Once the symptoms have flinched.

Effective measures need to be taken in a timely manner.

Failure to do so can lead to death.

Patients with high blood pressure should pay attention to the following in their diet:

1. Salt intake should be restricted.

2. Salt intake should be limited, because spicy and delicate foods can make stools dry and difficult to pass.

3. Limit or prohibit the intake of animal protein (such as animal liver, eggs).

For high blood pressure, you can eat some high-quality protein with high biological value, such as fish, milk and other foods.

Of course, you can also drink it after a meal.

It is made of gynostemma and is effective in lowering blood pressure.

For high blood pressure, we should pay attention to a low-salt, low-fat, and light diet, eat less greasy food, animal fats and animal offal, and eat more vegetables and fruits.