Urgent!! The purification of water, about the purification of water

Add alum sedimentation.

Make a simple filter.

Method: There are cotton, gauze, charcoal, big stones, small stones, etc., layer by layer, I first spread the gauze at the bottom, and then put a layer of cotton, the cotton is pulled loose in advance, so that the water can penetrate down relatively quickly, and then spread a layer of charcoal on top of the cotton, of course, the charcoal is beaten a little finer in advance, and then a layer of cotton is spread on the charcoal, put large and small stones, and then put a layer of finely knocked charcoal, and finally put a layer of gauze on the charcoal, and it is OK.

The "Emergency Technical Plan for Drinking Water Safety in Disaster Areas" issued requires that decentralized drinking water in disaster areas must be simply precipitated, filtered and disinfected before drinking

1) When dealing with dispersed drinking water in disaster areas: The sedimentation methods available include adding alum and standing still.

Substances that can be filtered are:

Sand. There are several methods that can be effectively disinfected.

boiling or disinfectant (calcium hypochlorite, etc.).

2) When you are trapped by the murky water of the lake waiting for rescue, how do you take specific sedimentation, filtration and disinfection operations to provide you and the masses with drinking water as hygienic as possible Answer: Let it stand first, filter it with sand and gravel to take the water until it is clear, and finally disinfect it with heat.

Standing is to precipitate the impurities in the water, and then filter out the impurities through the chain, but there are still some particles in the water, and the filter paper cannot filter them out, so the activated carbon is used for adsorption, and there should be another item is disinfection, and the water can be drunk.

Distillation is a direct way to obtain water of higher purity, without the need for standing, filtration, and adsorption.

For example, after Sichuan**, drinking water was obtained by the distillation method of returning to the distillation in the steaming shed.

Of course, but there's a floating standard.

1 Water is stored in reservoirs.

2 Add alum and lime to the filter to form a viscous substance, and perform the first purification3 After passing through the gravel pool, the second purification is carried out.

4 Through the contact tank, a certain amount of sterilization disinfectant is introduced to further kill bacteria5 users.

This is the standard: the bacteriologic standard.

1.Total colon density (MPN 100ml) monthly average) 6 (single)2Total colony count (ml) 100

Physical standards.

1.Turbidity 4

2.Chroma 15

3.Odor 3

4.Taste: No abnormality.

Chemical Standards.

General chemicals.

Value 2Sulfides

Toxic substances. 1.Lead 2Selenium.

3.Arsenic 4Chromium.

5.Cadmium 6Silver.

7.Mercury 8Cyanide salts.

Substances that may affect health.

1.Fluoride salts. 2.Nitrate nitrogen.

3.Total trihalomethanes.

Substances that affect drinkability.

1.Barium 2Iron 3Manganese.

4.Copper 5Zinc.

6.Chloride salt 250

7.Sulfate 250

8.Ammonia nitrogen. 9.Nitrite nitrogen None.

10.Phenols.

11.Total hardness 500

12.Total dissolved solids 800

13.Anionic surfactant.

14.Free available residual chlorine.

15.Combine the available residual chlorine above.

Organic Phas&SOCS

1.Trichloroethylene.

2.Carbon tetrachloride.

1,1-Trichloroethane.

2-Dichloroethane.

5.Vinyl chloride.

6.Benzene-7p-dichlorobenzene.

1-Dichloroethylene.

Pesticide 1Antling.

2.Elixir. 3.Feibuda and its derivatives.

4.DDT and its derivatives.

5.Atling, Detrain.

6.Poison Fen.

7.Kill Fan.

8.Pentachlorophenol and its salts.

9.Herbicide.

10.Organophosphates

Dalison Balason.

The waterworks has an inlet water source standard, and an effluent standard, the effluent standard is unchangeable, and the water plant will adjust the treatment process and the dosage of the treatment agent added according to the change of the influent water quality to make the effluent meet the standard.

In the former Soviet Union, there was a method in which an adsorbent made of ferrous metals in water was electro-etched and dispersed in water, and the magnet content was not less than 3 (wt) - suspension, stirring and sequential solid-phase separation. The amount of suspension added to the water, according to the dry matter, needs 3-120 grams for each gram of purified impurities. The method consists of adding an iron-based adsorbent to water, stirring and subsequent solid-phase separation, which is characterized by the use of a suspension made by electro-erosion and dispersion of ferrous metals in water as an adsorbent, in which the magnetite content in the solid phase is not less than 3 (by weight).

The first method is precipitation, which is used to remove impurities that are not easily soluble in water, heavier than water, and have relatively large particles. This method requires direct student action. Through precipitation, you can see that the turbid water has become clearer, but there are some fine suspended solids.

The second method is filtration, which is used to remove impurities that are not easily soluble in water, lighter than water, and have relatively small particles. This method also requires direct operation by students and is the focus of this course's ability development. The text illustrates the steps and precautions for filtering in the form of diagrams:

1.Fold the filter paper in half twice and cut it into a fan shape of the appropriate size according to the depth of the funnel. (If the teacher thinks that the student is having difficulty in this operation, he or she can cut it for the student before class.) ）

2.Separate the filter paper into one layer on one side and three layers on the other side to form a funnel shape; Put the filter paper into the funnel (the top should be slightly lower than the mouth of the funnel), moisten the filter paper with clean water, and then press it with your finger to make the filter paper adhere to the funnel wall.

3.Place the funnel with the filter paper on the funnel frame or in the iron ring of the iron frame, and place a beaker under the funnel so that the lower mouth of the funnel neck is attached to the inner wall of the beaker.

4.Slowly pour the precipitated water along the glass rod into the funnel. The glass rod should be tilted about 45°, and the lower end should be gently pressed against one side of the three-layer filter paper; The water that I poured cannot be without the top of the filter paper.

The equipment used in this experiment should be selected according to the teaching conditions of the school. For example, to set up the funnel, you can use an iron frame, you can use a funnel frame, or you can put the funnel directly on the mouth of a transparent bottle; Other equipment – filter paper, beakers, glass rods, etc., can be substituted. The requirements for this experiment should be determined according to the student's ability, and the steps that the student has difficulty in performing (e.g., assembling the iron frame, cutting filter paper, etc.) can be prepared by the teacher before the lesson.

The third method is disinfection – adding disinfectants to the water or boiling the water to kill the bacteria in the water.

Water purification methods include static precipitation, adsorption precipitation, filtration, and distillation.

Precipitation (including static precipitation, adsorption precipitation), filtration, adsorption, boiling, distillation.

There are many ways to purify water, and here I will provide you with the most cost-effective and efficient way to see the details.

I'm in my third year of junior high school, and this is what we read in our chemistry book

Distillation and filtration of the precipitation.

Settling, filtration, sterilization, distillation.

A water treatment system, first take out a large amount of water from the river, then to the pumping station, and then put the water into the reservoir, the storage stock is full of water, and some of the water will flow into the next waterway to become cleaner, the water will become bright blue, and then through the fine sand filter, the residue smaller than sesame seeds will be filtered out, and then to the sand filter will filter out the small pieces of shredded paper, it can become clean and drinkable water, the water from the agitation station to the pumping station, the reservoir and then through the pipeline to the households. Water is essential for all of us, so we need to protect it.

Water purification in the city's waterworks is relatively simple. Generally, it is precipitation, simple filtration, and disinfection. These steps may be repeated several times. Its purpose is simply to remove most of the contaminants and kill germs, and in general, tap water can be drunk directly.

The water purification process of a purification plant is more complicated! For example, a bottled water plant uses Dahe's water purification equipment to filter, which has to go through several layers of filtration and purification, the precipitation filter element can remove impurities such as sediment and rust, the pre-activated carbon can completely remove the residual chlorine and other peculiar smells in the water, the reverse osmosis membrane filters out the fine microorganisms and impurities in the water, and the post-carbon can remove other volatile substances and enhance the taste of the water. This is only the process of water purification, and some other equipment is needed to build a bottled water plant, such as "air shower", "filling machine" and so on.

There are many types of water purifiers, each of which targets different contaminants. For example, polyferric sulfate, polyacrylamide, aluminum sulfate, polyferric aluminum chloride, etc. You can look them up online for yourself.

1.(1) Input alum.

2) Gauze, charcoal can also be used.

3) Boiling, dosing is not favored.

2.Use a container to hold some water to settle for a long time; At the same time, filter some water repeatedly with clothes for urgent use, and when the water is clear and transparent, boil it if there is an open flame, and drink it directly if there is none.

Second, it is not true. Although water is recycled, this requires a cycle, that is, there is a limit to the amount of water that can be consumed for a certain period of time.

1. Add alum.

2. Substances that are insoluble in water.

3. Boiling distillation, dosing can be.

Two. Put alum first, alum has an adsorption effect on suspended particles, which can have a water purification effect.

Then there's filtering.

Then add bleaching powder.

Heat up at the end. No, the explanation is not There is no time to say good night!

Rest, add alum to rest.

Activated charcoal, fine sand, and charcoal are also available.

Boil. 2. Standing and talking on the first floor doesn't hurt your back, where can you get alum? It's better to drink pure water.

Leave it to sit and use socks or clothes to decorate it with sand and so on as a simple filter.

Obviously not. It takes a long time for water to self-purify.

The degree of purification in a single operation from low to high is static precipitation, adsorption precipitation, filtration, and distillation, and the combined operation is also in this order. Alum belongs to adsorption precipitation.

The filter paper does not fit snugly to the inner wall of the funnel.

The filter paper is damaged, the liquid level is higher than the edge of the filter paper, and there are air bubbles on the filter paper and the funnel wall.

A small amount of liquid will be splashed out, causing errors in quantitative experiments.

The filter paper does not fit snugly to the inner wall of the funnel, resulting in the solution taking time to flow the filter paper and funnel.

1 The filter paper is broken2 The filtrate level is higher than the edge of the three-layer filter paper3 The filter paper stacking method is incorrect.

Uneven heating will cause liquid to splash out, which is dangerous to cause errors in quantitative experiments.

1.The filtrate is poured too much at once and the solids block the filter paper.

2.The filter paper is broken, the instrument is not clean, and the filtrate edge is higher than the filter edge.

3.The heat is uneven, and the droplets splash.

1. There are large particles on the filter paper.

2. The filter paper is damaged.

3. Uneven heating.

First, it is not heated by the external flame of an alcohol lamp.

Second, there are too many impurities, and third, local heating will make the water splash out.

Alum has a cohesive effect.

But the principle is not clear.

Combined with alum, a precipitate is generated.

.Alum is ionized as a water purification agent after dissolving in water.

Al3+, Al3+ combined with OH produced by water ionization to form aluminum hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide colloidal particles with a positive charge, meet with negatively charged sediment particles, and the charges of each other are neutralized. The gelatinous particles, which have lost their electric charge, soon coalesce, become larger and larger, and finally sink to the bottom. In this way, the water becomes clear and clean.

Because the water first evaporates into water vapor, then liquefies into water droplets in contact with the plastic film, and then flows into the cup along the concave place, it is water obtained by using the evaporation and liquefaction of water

Water evaporates in sunlight. It becomes liquefied condensate (distilled water) on a plastic film, and this water does not contain impurities. Well, mainly using the evaporation and liquefaction of water.