What are the types of cherry rootstocks? What are their characteristics?

For a long time, China's large cherry rootstock is mainly based on Chinese cherries in the large-leaved grass cherry, no matter what variety is used when it, some varieties such as red light, summit, etc., grafted seedlings will delay the flowering time of these varieties, stress resistance, generally including drought resistance, cold resistance, salinity resistance, barrenness resistance, waterlogging resistance, etc. Different rootstocks have different stress resistance, each with its own weight, and fruit farmers should choose according to their own climate, ecology and site conditions.

The most representative of European tart cherries is the wool sour, a cherry variety that was introduced from Europe in the early years. Its advantages are high germination rate, the root system is very developed, can have good solid performance, the taproot of the seedling is very strong, the side roots are more, Laiyang dwarf cherry: native to Laiyang City, Shandong, also known as Chinese dwarf cherry, the tree body is short, the root system is developed, the tree is strong, more resistant to lodging, strong adaptability, cuttings are easy to root, and sweet cherry grafting affinity is strong.

There is no such thing as the best rootstock, only the most suitable one. To grow large cherries, you must first understand that the terrain of the growing area is plains, plateaus, mountains, hills or basins. Then it is necessary to understand the wind, water, fertilizer, sunshine and other conditions of the garden site.

Check whether the root system is rotten: When overwintering false planting, the density is too large or the false planting is too early, and the roots are prone to mold rot. The epidermis of normal seedling roots is fresh in color; The skin of the mold root is brown or black-brown and cracks at the touch.

Mahali root system, strong taproot, drought tolerance, good affinity, vigorous growth after grafting, belongs to a more reasonable dwarf cherry rootstock. The mahali root system has been cultivated for the longest time and covers the most extensive area in Dalian, and dwarf cherry is also a common cherry grafted rootstock. Dwarf cherry trees are dwarf, with strong branches, well-developed roots, and outstanding drought and lodging resistance, and can grow appropriately in many terrains.

However, dwarf cherries are not suitable for growing in clay soils. The rootstock of green-skinned cherry tree is generally propagated by cuttings, with high survival rate, strong grafting affinity, not drought tolerance, easy lodging, and easy to suffer from root cancer.

1.Chinese cherry, commonly known as small cherry, is a kind of cherry limited wood commonly used in China, north from southern Liaoning, south to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan provinces, have distribution, and Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang are more, Chinese cherry is a small tree or shrub, tillering is very strong, can be self-flowering, wide adaptability, more resistant to drought and barrenness, but not waterlogging, shallow root system, fibrous roots developed as rootstocks, the depth of the grafted seedling roots, the strength of the soil solidity, different species, the number of seeds, high seedling emergence rate, At the same time, cuttings are also easier to root, graft survival rate is high, into the fruiting period early, but due to the shallow root system, easy to lodging in case of strong winds, Chinese cherries are more resistant to root cancer, but the virus disease is more serious, the current production is commonly used in the following kinds.

At present, the rootstocks used in the production of large cherries in China can be roughly divided into two categories, namely local rootstocks originating in China and foreign rootstocks introduced from abroad. The former are like Chinese cherries (small cherries, grass cherries), hairy cherries, large green leaves, mountain cherries in the Northeast, Chinese dwarf cherries, etc., and the latter are like Court, Mahali, Gisela series, etc. Different types of rootstocks, their traits are different, and the impact on cultivars is different.

The main rootstocks of <> large cherries are: Court, Mazad cherry, Mahali cherry, grass cherry, green skin cherry, hairy sour, etc.

1) Court: It is the first sweet cherry semi-dwarf anvil bred by British crossbreeding. The sweet cherry grafted with it has a smaller body, compact structure, early flower bud differentiation, high yield, and good fruit quality.

Court's tillering and rooting ability is strong, easy to propagate by cuttings or tissue culture, and its rootstock has a well-developed root system and strong wind resistance. It has a strong affinity with sweet cherries, and is resistant to disease and cold. It is suitable for growing in moist soil, sensitive to drought response, and should not be cultivated in shade and dry conditions.

2) Mazad cherry: It is a wild species of sweet cherry native to western Europe. Usually the rootstock is propagated with seeds, which respond well on clay heavy soil trillions, grow vigorously, and the tree is strong.

It has a strong affinity with sweet and sour cherries. Trees grafted with Mazad cherry as rootstock are tall, long-lived, high-yielding, more resistant to barrenness and cold, and resistant to root rot. The canopy is large, but it enters the peak fruiting period late.

The root system is shallow, and it is susceptible to bacterial root cancer, resin disease and branch blight. There are a small number of applications in Dalian, Beijing and Changli in Hebei Province in China.

3) Mahali Cherry: Native to central Europe. The root system is well developed, drought resistant but not waterlogging, and suitable for cultivation in light loam soil.

Poor growth in clay soils. Strong cold resistance. Mahali cherries are mostly propagated by seeds, with a high seed germination rate, strong growth of rootstock seedlings, and can be used for germination in the year of sowing.

It has a strong affinity with sweet cherries. The fruit is early, the fruit is large, and the yield is abundant.

4) Grass cherry: It is an excellent sweet cherry rootstock bred from Chinese cherries in Yantai City, Shandong Province. The tree body is a small tree or clump shrub, and the root germination and tillering power is very strong, and it is easy to propagate by dividing or cuttings.

Grass cherry has well-developed hairy roots, strong adaptability, and strong grafting affinity with most sweet cherries. The grafted plant is vigorous, abundant in yield, and highly resistant to root cancer. It is suitable for growing in sandy or gravelly loam soils, and is not suitable for heavy clay soils.

Its root system is shallow, and it is easy to guess and lie down to curb strong winds.

Grass cherries are available in two types: large-leaved and small-leaved. The leaves of the cherry are large and thick, the branches are thick, the internodes are short, the branches are few, the survival rate of cuttings is low, and it is suitable to propagate with tillers with roots. The leaves of the small-leaved grass cherry are small and thin, the branches are thinner, the thick roots are small, and the survival rate of cuttings is higher.

At present, large-leaved grass cherries are mostly used to propagate large cherry seedlings.

5) Qingye cherry: also called Qingye cherry. It is the main rootstock of Japanese sweet cherries.

It is also used in Dalian and other places in China. The survival rate of cuttings is high, so it is generally propagated by cuttings. It has a strong affinity with sweet cherries and grows well in grafted plants.

Hard-fleshed varieties for sweet cherries work better with rootstocks. The root system of the green-skinned cherry tree is shallow, not drought tolerant, easy to lodging in strong winds, and prone to root cancer, resulting in a large number of dead trees.

6) Maojiao acid: It is the main rootstock for breeding sweet cherries in Yantai City. Its root system is well developed, the taproot is stout, the slender roots are many, and the soil solidity is good.

It has a strong affinity for grafting with sweet cherries. The grafted plant grows vigorously, has a high yield and has a long lifespan, but the tree is short in the clay soil and is susceptible to root cancer.

Summary. 1.Peach tree main rootstock:

Mountain peach is a wild species in northeast, north and northwest China. Small tree with smooth skin and slender branches. The fruit is small and inedible.

It is resistant to cold and drought, and is more resistant to salt and alkali. It is commonly used as rootstock in the peach tree planting area in northern China, which has good grafting affinity with peach tree varieties, but is easy to be infected with root cancer and neck rot. (The garden should do a good job of ditching and draining moisture, the soil has good air permeability, do a good job in pest control, fertilizer and water management, and enhance the resistance of the tree, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of root cancer and neck rot.)

1.The main rootstock of peach trees: mountain peach is a wild species in the northeast, north and northwest of China.

Small tree with smooth skin and slender branches. The fruit is small and inedible. It is resistant to cold and drought, and is more resistant to salt and alkali.

Peach tree planting areas in northern China are often used as rootstocks, which have good grafting affinity with peach tree varieties, but are prone to root cancer, high rot and neck rot. (The garden should do a good job of ditching and draining moisture, the soil has good air permeability, and the mountain is good for pest control, fertilizer and water management, and enhance the resistance of the tree, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of root cancer and neck rot.) ）

2.The main seedling rootstock of peach trees: the wild species of peach cultivated peach.

Small trees, small fruits, poor quality, inedible. It has strong adaptability, rapid growth, robustness, developed root system, drought tolerance, barren and thin soil, and good moisture tolerance compared with mountain peach. The rootstock of peach trees is widely used in the southern provinces of China and North China, Northwest China and Northeast China, which has strong grafting affinity with peach tree varieties, and the seedlings grow vigorously, bear fruit early, have large fruits and good quality, but the life span of the tree is short.

There are many types of peaches, and in general, local peaches are more resistant when planted locally.

2.The main rootstock of the peach tree: the wild species of the cultivated peach.

Small trees, small fruits, poor quality, inedible. It has strong adaptability, rapid growth, strong and wide peng, well-developed root system, drought tolerance, barren and thin soil, and good moisture tolerance compared with mountain peach. The southern provinces of China and North China, Northwest China, Northeast Shenzi are widely used as the rootstock of peach trees, and the grafting affinity of peach tree varieties is strong, the seedlings grow vigorously, bear fruit early, have large fruits, and have good quality, but the life span of the tree is short.

There are many types of peaches, and in general, local peaches are more resistant when planted locally.

Mountain cherry.

It is distributed in Fengcheng, Benxi, Kuandian, Ji'an, Tonghua and other places in Liaoning. It is a tall tree that blooms in late April and matures in mid to late June. The fruit is reddish-purple or black-purple.

The advantage of mountain cherry as rootstock is that the rootstock seedlings are propagated with seeds, which is fast and easy, grows vigorously, and can be grafted in the same year. The survival rate of grafting is high, generally 70%-90%, and the grafted seedlings and young trees grow robustly and have strong cold resistance. The disadvantage is that there is microfoot disease but it does not affect growth and development.

The cherry rootstock of Benxi Mountain has been growing for 15 years and bears normal fruit. Large cherries grafted with mountain cherries as rootstocks can bear fruit in 3 years.

Grass cherry. A large cherry rootstock bred from Chinese cherries in Yantai City, Shandong Province. It is a small tree or shrub, and the roots have strong tillering power, and it is easy to survive by dividing or cuttings to propagate. The grass cherry rootstock was propagated by the dividing method, and about 5,000 finished seedlings could be produced per mu that year.

Propagated by cuttings, 4,000 rootstock seedlings can be produced per mu that year. The grass cherry has well-developed hair roots and strong grafting affinity. High resistance to root cancer.

The disadvantage is that the root system is shallow and easy to lodging in strong winds. Grass cherries are not cold-resistant, and they are seriously "drawn" in some areas of Liaoning and Hebei. In heavy clay soil, the grafting parts of 7-8-year-old trees are easy to flow gum, and the whole tree will die in severe cases.

Grass cherries are available in two types, large-leaved and small-leafed. Large-leaved cherry has large and thick leaves, short internodes, and low survival rate of cuttings; It is advisable to propagate with root tillers and seedlings. The leaves of the small-leaved cherry are small and thin, the leaf color is dark green, and the survival rate of its cuttings is higher, but the growth of the grafted plant is not as good as that of the large-leaved grass cherry.

When propagating seedlings with grass cherries, large-leaved grass cherries should be used.

Mahali Cherry.

It is a cherry rootstock widely used in Europe and the United States, and is native to the central region of Europe. The root system is well developed, drought resistant, but not waterlogged, and suitable for cultivation in light loam soil. It is resistant to cold and is not damaged by freezing at a temperature of -30.

Propagated with seeds, the seed germination rate is high, and the rootstock seedlings grow robustly. It can be sprouted in the year of sowing.

Blue-skinned cherry blossoms. It is also called Aoba Sakura. Generally, it is propagated by cuttings, and it can also be propagated by stripping, dividing plants or seeds. The advantages of cuttings propagation are high survival rate and strong grafting affinity. The disadvantage is that the root system is shallow, not drought tolerant, easy to lodging in strong winds, and prone to root cancer, resulting in a large number of deaths.

Courter is a semi-dwarf rootstock, and making a large cherry rootstock can play a dwarfing role. The advantages are that the tillering and rooting ability is very strong, it is easy to propagate by cuttings or tissue culture, and the root system is developed, the wind resistance is strong, the affinity is strong, and the interface is well healed. It is suitable for growing in tidal soils, and is not suitable for cultivation under shady, dry and irrigated conditions, and has strong disease resistance and cold resistance.

How to cultivate cherry rootstocks? What is the best rootstock to choose? Cultivation method of cherry rootstock.

Sowing method: low cost, large reproduction coefficient, good root development. Cuttings:

The rootstock branches were used as materials for cuttings propagation, which had a lower cost and a larger reproductive coefficient. Cultivated rootstocks do not have vertical roots and are shallowly distributed. In addition, not all rootstocks are easy to root after cuttings.

Stratification method: cultivation of rootstock seedlings, high survival rate, but small cultivation coefficient, complex operation, suitable for a small amount of cultivation, suitable for grass fruit, sour cherry and other rootstock varieties. Tissue culture method:

The reproduction coefficient is high, the speed is fast, not limited by time, all kinds of livestock can be used, and there is no virus, the growth is robust, the factory production has high requirements for technical conditions, and a certain investment is required.

The small cherry variety is also a small tree or shrub, it is more suitable for the local natural environment, drought tolerance and poor soil first, grafting affinity. In order to accelerate the development of cherry optimization and improve economic benefits, grafting small cherries into large cherries is also the main measure for the improvement of cherry trees. Since cherries are not easy to root with cuttings, they are growing.

<> at present, the rootstocks used in the cultivation of large cherries in China mainly include local rootstocks in China and rootstocks imported from abroad. In planting, rootstocks should be reasonably selected according to local conditions and cultivation methods. Rootstocks.

The mahari root system has been planted for the longest time and covers the most extensive area in Dalian, covering yellow clay soil and sandy soil areas from south to north in Dalian. From seven or eight years ago, the greenhouse cherries were replanted with large green leaves, and the grass cherry roots were selected to select suitable varieties: considering the economic traits of the variety, select a large and high-quality variety; selection of varieties suitable for local climatic conditions; According to the market situation, the proportion of early, middle and late maturing varieties is comprehensively considered.

Large-leaved grass cherry: As a grafted rootstock, large-leaved grass cherry has the advantages of strong affinity, high survival rate, strong root disease resistance, long fruiting period and stable yield. It is the most successful cherry tree species cultivated in China. However, large-leaved cherries are more suitable.