Where does the mortise and tenon structure function? What are the advantages of mortise and tenon st

The mortise and tenon joint is known as the "soul" of Chinese furniture, and the tenon protrudes from the wooden components.

With the recessed eye, a simple bite will unite the wooden membersDue to the different forms of the connecting components, a variety of combinations are derived, so that the Chinese furniture to achieve the perfect unity of function and structure.

1. Long and short tenons

The long and short tenon is to chisel out two tenons of different lengths in the upper part of the leg, which are connected with the socket on the surface, because the height of the two tenons is different, which can make the connection more stable. Long and short tenons can be used alone, or they can be part of other mortise and tenon joints, such as chuck tenons, shoulder tenons, and hanging tenons will be connected to the surface using long and short tenons. Long and short tenons are common mortise and tenon structures in the connection between panels and wires.

2. Wedge nail tenon

Wedge mortise and tenon is a commonly used mortise and tenon structure for connecting arc materials. It cuts the arc wood with two upper and lower pieces of tenon and inlay, and the small tongue on the tenon.

into the groove so that it cannot move up and down. Then cut a square hole in the middle of the lap, and insert a wedge nail with a square cross-section, a slightly thicker side and a slightly thinner wedge through the past, so that it can not move left and right. It is commonly found in the armrests, round sides, circular mud and other parts of the circle chair.

Wedge tenon is a common wire connection structure.

3. Dovetail

Dovetail tenon is a kind of flat timber right-angle connection node, two flat plates are connected at right angles, in order to prevent detachment when tensile force, the tenon is made into a ladder shape, so it is called "dovetail tenon". Dovetails are very common in wooden furniture and are often found in the vertical joints of panels.

4. Hug the shoulder tenon

The shoulder tenon is a corset.

One of the mortise and tenon structures commonly used in structural furniture, the upper part of the legs and feet bears the waist and tooth plate, and the 45° oblique shoulder is cut out, and the oblique shoulder is chiseled inward.

The corresponding tooth strip is also made of a 45° oblique shoulder, and a triangular tenon is left, which is interlocked and tightly seamed.

5. Wear the belt

Straps are common in chair seats, etc. The adjacent thin plate is opened out of the large and small notches at the bottom, and the two plates are put together by the method of pushing and inserting, so that they can not be pulled away from the horizontal direction. After the combination is glued, open a small and large notch on it, which is embedded with a wooden strip that is a trapezoidal long tenon on one side, that is, the trapezoidal tenon of the belt, the trapezoidal tenon of the belt is slightly wider on one side and slightly narrower on the other, in order to make it wear tightly, the long tenon is pushed from the wide side to the narrow side.

6. Zongjiao tenon

Zongjiao tenon is mostly used in four-sided flat furniture, and is commonly found in three square lumbers.

The lattice angles are combined to form a lattice angle similar to the zongzi corner, and each corner combines to form six 45° lattice diagonal lines. In the production, the mortise and tenon of the three materials is more concentrated, in order to be firm, on the one hand, open the long and short tenons, the use of tenon avoidance production, on the other hand, should consider the appropriate thickness of the material, so as not to affect the strength of the structure.

7. Chuck tenon

Chuck tenon is a group of mortise and tenon structures that connect the legs, teeth and corners of the table case, the combination of the legs and the surface of the case-shaped knot furniture is not at the four corners, but at some positions where the two ends of the long side are closed, the upper end of the leg and foot opens a long mouth, clamps the tooth strip and the tooth head, and uses the long and short tenon in the upper part to combine with the case surface.

For thousands of years in China, the combination of components of wooden buildings has relied on this form. Not only houses, but also other furniture and large wooden objects are also combined in this way. This approach is still in use today.

Today's carpenters still pride themselves on mastering this wood construction technique of mortise and tenon joints. Some carpenters have poor craftsmanship and can't do mortise and tenon joints well, so they have to fix them with iron nails, and this kind of carpenters are degraded as "foreign nail carpenters" and are looked down upon.

Its main advantages are as follows:

1. Mortise and tenon structure.

It is a combination of tenon and tenon, and it is an ingenious combination between more and less, high and low, long and short between wooden pieces, which can effectively limit the twisting between wood pieces in all directions. And iron nail connection can't do it. For example, if you use iron nails to make a T-shaped combination of two wooden bars, the vertical and horizontal bars are easily twisted and change the angle, while the mortise and tenon joints are combined to prevent them from being twisted.

2. Metal is easy to rust or oxidize, while real mahogany furniture can be used for more than hundreds of years. If it is combined with iron nails, it is likely that the wood is intact, but the furniture falls apart due to the corrosion, fatigue, and aging of the connected metal.

3. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to transport. Many mahogany furniture is disassembled and transported, and then assembled and installed at the destination, which is very convenient. If you use iron nails to connect furniture, you can make it into a partial split, but you can't make furniture with a lot of small wooden pieces such as chairs.

4. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to maintain. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be problems, such as a broken fir that needs to be replaced. Furniture connected with iron nails is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise and tenon furniture.

5. High quality mortise and tenon joints. Mahogany wood is hard, while iron nails are wedged into it by squeezing and drilling, and this process is very easy to cause wood splitting, which is very well known to carpenters. The use of mortise and tenon joints to connect mahogany furniture can greatly improve the intrinsic quality of mahogany furniture, which is also an important reason why the mahogany furniture made by traditional craftsmanship has value-added collection value.

Mortise and tenon structure, ancient Chinese architecture with wood, bricks and tiles as the main building materials, wood frame structure as the main structural mode, by columns, beams, purlins and other main components of the construction, the nodes between the components to the mortise and tenon coincidence, forming a flexible framework. Mortise and tenon joint is a very ingenious invention, this component connection mode, so that the traditional Chinese wood structure has become a special flexible structure beyond the contemporary building frame, frame or rigid frame, which can not only bear a large load, but also allow a certain deformation, under the first load, through the deformation to offset a certain amount of energy, reduce the first response of the structure.

Mortise and tenon is a combination of concave and convex connection used on two wooden components. The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The recessed part is called the mortise (or mortise and tenon), and the tenon and the tenon are occluded to play a connecting role. This is the main way in which ancient Chinese architecture, furniture, and other wooden instruments were structured.

The mortise and tenon joint structure is a combination of tenon and tenon, which is an ingenious combination between more and less, high and low, long and short between wood pieces, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood pieces in all directions. The most basic mortise and tenon structure consists of two members, one of which is inserted into the socket of the other, so that the two members are connected and fixed. The part of the tenon that protrudes into the mortise is called the tongue, and the rest is called the shoulder.

The mortise and tenon structure is widely used in construction, but also widely used in furniture, reflecting the close relationship between furniture and architecture. After the mortise and tenon structure is applied to the construction of a house, although each component is relatively thin, it can withstand great pressure as a whole. This structure does not lie in the strength of the individual, but in the combination and support of each other, and this structure has become the basic model of later generations of architecture and Chinese furniture.

Mortise and tenon is the main structural method of traditional Chinese architecture, furniture and other equipment, which is a connection method that combines concave and convex parts on two components.

Mortise and tenon joint is a very delicate invention, this component connection method, so that the traditional Chinese wood structure has become a special flexible structure beyond the contemporary building frame, frame or steel frame, which can not only bear a large load, but also allow a certain deformation, under the first load, through the deformation to offset a certain amount of energy, reduce the first response of the structure.

Types of mortise and tenon joints

One type is mainly the joint of surfaces and surfaces, the combination of two edges, and the junction of surfaces and edges. Such as notch tenon, tongue tenon, dovetail tenon, belt tenon, tie tenon, etc.

The other type is the structural approach as a "point". It is mainly used for horizontal and vertical T-joint, angular joint, cross joint, as well as extension joint of straight and arc materials. Such as lattice shoulder tenon, double tenon, double clamp tenon, hook tenon, wedge tenon, half tenon, through tenon and so on.

There is also a construction method that combines three components together and connects them with each other, which is more complex and special in addition to the use of some of the above mortise and tenon joint structures. For example, the common ones are supporting angle tenons, long and short tenons, shoulder tenons, zongjiao tenons, etc.

Mortise and tenon is a connection method that combines concave and convex parts on two components. The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The recessed part is called Mao (or tenon, tenon).

The "mortise and tenon" method of connecting various parts of Chinese furniture is the main structural method of furniture modeling. The various mortise and tenon joints have different practices and different application ranges, but they have the "joint" role of the shape structure on each piece of furniture.

If the mortise and tenon joints are used properly, the two wooden structures can be tightly fastened to the extent that they are "seamless". It is the basic skill that ancient carpenters must have, and the level of craftsmanship of craftsmen can be clearly reflected through the structure of mortise and tenon.

Technical requirements of traditional mortise and tenon structure: the thickness of the tenon is less than the width of the mortise, when the thickness of the tenon is greater than the width of the mortise, the glue loss due to extrusion will reduce the glue strength, and the mortise will easily crack during assembly. The width of the tenon is larger than the length of the mortise, and the hard material is 1mm, and the soft material is 1mm.

The length of the tenon is 2-3mm smaller than the depth of the mortise and greater than half the thickness of the mortise part.

The thickness of the right-angle tenon: if the single tenon is close to the thickness of the square, the total thickness of the double tenon should also be close to this value. The end of the tenon is often chamfered to facilitate the insertion of the mortise, if the cross-section of the part exceeds 40mm 40mm, it is advisable to use double tenon.

The tenon combination adopts the base hole system, and the thickness of the tenon should be adjusted to the size consistent with the square set drill, and the commonly used thickness is 6mm, 8mm, and other specifications.