How Waldo argues for the relationship between bureaucracy and democracy

Waldo said that since ** has always been closely linked to administration, administration and bureaucracy are also closely linked. In his view, the central problem of our time is precisely the potential conflict between bureaucracy and democracy.

In using the term "bureaucracy," Waldo was careful to distinguish his use of the term from the colloquial use of the term and Weber's ideal type, according to which bureaucracy and reason coincide. Waldo, on the other hand, uses the term "bureaucracy" in a descriptive-analytical sense, which in his view simply means large-scale, formal, complex, task-specialized, and goal-oriented organizations.

In his view, bureaucratic organizations are not completely incompatible with the concept of democracy, and bureaucratic organizations can provide important support for democratic values, such as universal standards and opportunities based on competence and expertise. Of course, there are some contradictory features between the two, for example, bureaucracy emphasizes hierarchical rules, while democracy emphasizes equality; Bureaucracy relies on discipline and supervision, while democracy emphasizes the principle of freedom.

Waldo sees the conflict between bureaucracy and democracy as a dilemma. On the one hand, power is seen as a danger that should be dispersed; On the other hand, it is recognized that power can serve good purposes if it is channeled properly. In terms of public administration, this means that bureaucratic power is seen as an immoral latent force and that decentralization should be encouraged; At the same time, it is believed that democracy can exist only if power is concentrated enough to function and to be accountable.

Waldo argues that the solution to this problem is to find a fusion between democracy and bureaucracy, that is, to recognize that not only democracy is desirable but also bureaucratic is essential. In his view, we should acknowledge that we have an administrative culture and that we should use that culture to reap as many benefits as possible in life. We must also be concerned about the values of human equality and participation.

Even if a great deal of authority, hierarchy, and even repression is necessary and inevitable, the bureaucratic game should be played so that everyone knows the basic rules and allows people to play according to their skills and hobbies. In addition, we should make careful plans to protect the realm of freedom and self-sufficiency. In short, Waldo wants us to reform the world rather than try to escape or destroy it, and he wants us to strike a reasonable balance between adapting to authority and rebelling.

Waldo argues that democracy is a term that can be applied equally to political and administrative-bureaucratic things. In his view, bureaucratic organizations are not completely incompatible with the concept of democracy, and bureaucratic organizations can provide important support for democratic values. Of course, there are some contradictory characteristics between the two: bureaucracy emphasizes hierarchical rules, while democracy emphasizes equality; Bureaucracy relies on discipline and supervision, while democracy emphasizes the principle of freedom.

Bureaucracy, bureaucracy, is a system of power and body established according to the principle of division of labor and hierarchical management. In 1745 the French scholar was VDe Gunay coined the term to describe the Prussian form.

It was later understood as a derogatory bureaucratic administrative system. At the beginning of the 20th century, the German sociologist MWeber used bureaucracy as a synonym for a "rational social system."

He proposed that there are three kinds of authority that govern human society: traditional authority, charismatic authority, and legal and rational authority, and that the latter two kinds of authority are based on bureaucracy. In modern administrative science, there are also people who believe that the bureaucratic system is a formal administrative system organized at the bureaucratic level.

There is a ruin made of fluorescent bricks in the jungle, which contains fiberglass fishing rods, and a picture of Waldo.

In the jungle is a portrait of an author.