What reflects the economic strength of the Southern Song Dynasty?

The Song dynasty was probably the only dynasty among the dynasties that did not inhibit the development of commerce, and the economic prosperity was outstanding in terms of commerce. During the time of Song Shenzong, the country minted 5.06 million guan annually, and the Tang Dynasty's most prosperous Kaiyuan era minted 320,000 guan. However, the economic prosperity of the Song did not make the overall strength of the country strong, and the Song was harassed by the northern peoples and was at a disadvantage in the war.

The economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty was unprecedented, with significant developments in agriculture, printing, papermaking, silk weaving, and porcelain. The maritime industry and shipbuilding industry have made outstanding achievements, and the overseas industry is developed, and it has trade with more than 50 countries in the South Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and other regions. The development of the south during the Southern Song Dynasty contributed to the development of the Jiangnan region as an economic and cultural center.

Silk weaving industryThe silk, linen and wool textile industries in the Song Dynasty were very developed, the woolen weaving industry was popular in the northwest region, and the hemp weaving industry in Sichuan, Shanxi, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Henan and other places was very developed. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Leizhou Peninsula area of Guangdong and the southern part of Guangxi became the center of the cotton textile industry, the silk weaving industry in Zhejiang and Sichuan and Shu was the most developed, and the silk fabrics in Shu were "the crown of the world", and the silk used by the imperial court came mostly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. ‍‍

Shipbuilding The shipbuilding industry of the Song Dynasty ranked first in the world. The Northern Song Dynasty set the capital of Kaifeng, the southeast transport is very important, ships are an indispensable means of transport, coupled with the prosperity of overseas, it has promoted the progress of the shipbuilding industry.

In the Song Dynasty, overseas flourished, encouraged overseas, and set up a city department to manage it; The development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce has laid the foundation for the development of overseas **.

Development of agriculture: In ancient societies dominated by agriculture, arable land area was one of the important parameters of economic power. The development of agricultural economy in the Song Dynasty was mainly manifested in the expansion of cultivated land, the increase of grain output, the expansion of the planting area of cash crops, and the increase in the degree of commercialization. ‍‍

With the development of agriculture and handicrafts, the prosperity of commerce was promoted, which led to the development of the city. Kaifeng and Hangzhou in the Song Dynasty broke the restrictions of the market, the streets and alleys were lined with shops, the morning market and the night market were endless, and domestic and foreign goods attracted domestic and foreign merchants.

After all, China has been a big agricultural country since ancient times, and in the Song Dynasty, it developed water conservancy and cultivated a large area, and paid attention to the improvement of agricultural tools, and agriculture developed rapidly. Many new forms of fields appeared in the Song Dynasty, such as terraced fields (which appeared in mountainous areas), silt fields (fields used by silt formed by river erosion), sand fields (sand silt by the sea), and sand fields (wooden rafts made on the lake and covered with mud on top of them). This significantly increased the area of cultivated land in the Song Dynasty.

The economy of the Southern Song Dynasty was indeed very strong, because of the ability of the peasants and craftsmen who migrated from the Central Plains to Jiangnan, coupled with the needs of the royal family and nobles, as well as the advantages of Jiangnan's resource endowment and shipping convenience.

The porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty in the porcelain industry, both in terms of output and production technology, has been greatly improved compared with the previous generation. At that time, the kilns that fired porcelain were all over the country, and the porcelain made had its own characteristics.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the ports on the southeast coast became the new ** center. During the Tang Dynasty, only Guangzhou in the country had a municipal shipping department, which was responsible for foreign trade affairs.

"Not raising children" was a social phenomenon during the Song Dynasty, also known as "giving birth to children without lifting", that is, giving birth to children without raising them, drowning or throwing away the baby. The heavy tax burden of the Song Dynasty was the main reason for the widespread infanticide and infanticide customs in the Song Dynasty. The phenomenon of "not raising children" generally occurred in a very small number of extremely poor families in ancient societies, or in the period of poor livelihood during natural disasters and wars.

However, in the Song Dynasty, even in the absence of disasters and wars, there was still a widespread phenomenon of "not raising children" in the Song Dynasty, and it evolved into a social custom - infanticide.

For the south, you are not qualified to satirize the Song Dynasty, he brought you more than 300 years of peace and prosperity, without the Song Dynasty, you are still the people who seized the power.

Of course, it was the people of the Southern Song Dynasty who gave birth to children (including baby boys) and wanted to drown because they couldn't afford to raise them.

I didn't see any evidence that the Southern Song Dynasty was economically strong, so how strong it could be no matter how small it was.

The world's first banknote.

It was the Northern Song Dynasty that was more prosperous, because the Southern Song Dynasty was established by the parties left over from the Northern Song Dynasty. The economy of the Song Dynasty was biased towards the development of foreign trade, and the export rate at that time was even higher than the export rate now.

I think the Northern Song Dynasty was more prosperous, and the economy of the Song Dynasty could reach 3 million yellow silver every year, and there were a lot of goods shipped abroad.

The economic level of the Southern Song Dynasty developed faster and better than that of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of the Kaixi Dynasty of the Southern Song Dynasty (1206), the fiscal revenue reached 80 million yuan, and the population of the country was about 70 million at that time. By the 1900s, the Qing court had 80 million taels, but the population was 400 million.

The purchasing power of 1 guan money in the Southern Song Dynasty was 2 times that of one or two ** in the late Qing Dynasty.

In fact, I think the Southern Song Dynasty was more prosperous, and even reached the point where every family had enough food and clothing, and the treasury was very sufficient.

The Song Dynasty (960-1127) was the period in Chinese history after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, with nine emperors and 167 years of reign. It is collectively referred to as the Song Dynasty with the Song Dynasty, also known as the Two Song Dynasty, and is also known as the Zhao Song Dynasty because of the royal surname Zhao. Song Dynasty (1127-1279), a period in Chinese history, after the fall of the Song Dynasty, Zhao set the capital of Nanjing Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) to the throne, and the Song Dynasty is collectively known as the Song Dynasty, a total of five generations and nine emperors, enjoying the country for 152 years.

The northeast of the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty is bounded by the present-day Haihe River, Bazhou in Hebei, and Yanmen Pass in Shanxi; The northwest is bounded by Hengshan in Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and Huangshui in Qinghai; The southwest is bounded by Minshan Mountain and Dadu River. Song Shenzong occupied Hehuang according to the opening of the Xihe River, and Song Huizong placed the Longyou capital in the north of Qinghai in the stage, and ransomed the Youyun Seven Prefectures with a huge amount of money.

Compared with the Song Dynasty, the southern and southwestern boundaries of the Song Dynasty did not change much, but the northern boundary was greatly moved southward due to the invasion of the Jin people, and each other was clearly bounded by the Yellow River at that time. In the eleventh year of Shaoxing (during the reign of Emperor Jin), Song and Jin agreed to take the Huai River as the boundary. In the following year, the western boundary was adjusted to Dasanguan (southwest of present-day Baoji City, Shaanxi) and the southern end of the Qinling Mountains.

In the tombs of the Song Dynasty, it is common to find a combination of iron agricultural tools, such as plows, cocoons, harrows, hoes, sickles, etc., among which there are more rakes, hoes and other soil-cultivating agricultural tools, indicating that farmers attach importance to deep cultivation and increase in cultivation procedures. During the time of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, he built Pitang in the Hebei region, and built a 600-mile-long embankment, set up a bucket gate, diverted the water from the lake to irrigate, planted rice, and obtained a bumper harvest.

The achievements in water conservancy construction in the southern region are more obvious, among which the larger ones are the Weir in Jiangbei, the Shitang in Zhejiang, the embankment of the Qiantang River, and the West Lake. One of the most striking features of Song Dynasty agriculture was the development of the tenant system to an unprecedented historical stage. The landlord recruits the customer to cultivate the land, and the customer only pays the rent to the landlord and does not bear other responsibilities.

1) Agriculture: 1. Food crops:

1) Introduction of new varieties: The rice planting area in the south has increased rapidly, and the Champa rice introduced by Vietnam has early maturity and strong drought resistance, and was popularized to the southeast during the Northern Song Dynasty.

2) Cultivating new varieties: Farmers in the south have also cultivated many excellent varieties, which have greatly increased the yield of rice.

Due to the vigorous promotion of the Song Dynasty, rice in the south was also greatly promoted in the north.

3) "Suhu is ripe, the world is full": During the Song Dynasty, rice production jumped to the first place among grain crops. At that time, the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin became a fertile granary, and the proverb "Su Lake is ripe, the world is full" or "Su Changshu, the world is full" appeared.

2. Cash crops:

1) Tea bushes: Tea bushes are widely cultivated throughout the south, and the number of tea-producing states and counties has also increased compared to the past.

2) Cotton: From the Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty, the cotton planting area was still limited to Guangdong and Fujian; By the late Southern Song Dynasty, the cotton-growing area had advanced northward to the Jianghuai and Sichuan-Shu areas.

b) Handicrafts:

1. Textile industry:

1) Silk weaving industry: Sichuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions of silk weaving industry production is developed.

2) Cotton weaving industry: In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the cotton textile industry rose, and Hainan Island had relatively advanced cotton textile tools, and there were many types of cotton textile quality.

2. Porcelain industry:

1) The Song Dynasty was a glorious era in the history of the development of Chinese porcelain.

2) Five famous kilns: Ding kiln, Ru kiln, Jun kiln, Ge kiln, and Guan kiln.

Agriculture. 1) The population of the Song Dynasty exceeded 100 million, and the labor force increased significantly. (2) Agricultural production tools and farming techniques have been greatly improved, and the tools used in the rice planting season - seedling horses have appeared; Farmland water conservancy has been greatly developed.

3) The planting area of Zhancheng rice has expanded rapidly, and rice has gradually jumped to the first place in grain production.

Handicraft. 1) The amount of coal mined ranks first in the world. (2) The smelting of iron, copper and other metals reached the highest level in the world at that time, both in terms of quality and quantity.

Iron production is roughly equivalent to the combined production of all European countries in the 18th century. (3) The ceramic manufacturing industry has also developed to a new stage, and the porcelain is exquisitely made and has become a best-selling product in the world market.

Commerce (1) A large number of bazaars have appeared around cities and near rural transportation arteries, and gradually formed large and small towns, which greatly promoted the prosperity of urban commerce. (2) In the early Northern Song Dynasty, "Jiaozi" appeared in Sichuan, which was the world's earliest paper money. In the Southern Song Dynasty, paper money such as "Huizi" and "Guanzi" were passed.

Overseas**(1) The Song Dynasty actively encouraged overseas** to open "Fanfang" for foreign businessmen to live in some important ports, and set up "Fanshi" and "Fanxue". (2) It has also successively set up municipal shipping agencies in Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other places to manage overseas**. (3) The Song Dynasty had a wide range of overseas **, from Korea and Japan in the east to the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf in the west, all of which sailed merchant ships to and from China.