What are the characteristics of psychological development in primary and secondary schools, and what

General features of the psychological development of primary school children.

a) Physical development of primary school students.

Physical development is the material basis of children's psychological development, and the healthy development of primary school students' bodies provides a guarantee for them to engage in school learning activities, and the brain and higher nervous system.

It is the premise and important material basis for their psychological development. The physical development of primary school students is in a relatively stable state in the development of a person's life. Their height grows on average by 4, 5 cm per year, and their weight by an average of 2, 2, 5 kg per year.

Compared with young children, the bones are stronger, but because the bones contain less limestone, they are more likely to deform and dislocate.

Although the musculature of the body of primary school students has developed, it is not strong enough, lacks endurance, fatigues easily, and is not easy to engage in excessively intense physical activities for a long time.

2) Cognitive development of primary school students.

Primary school students' perception has gradually improved, and their perception of orientation, space and time has continued to develop under the influence of education, and their observation of things has become more detailed and orderly.

Primary school students' memory ability has also developed rapidly, from mechanical memory to meaning recognition, from concrete image recognition to abstract memory of words, from not knowing how to use memory strategies to actively using strategies to help them remember.

Primary school students have also developed a great degree in speech, and are able to master and use oral language more proficiently, and under the influence of education, they have gradually mastered written language and learned to write, read and write.

The basic characteristic of primary school students' thinking is that they think in concrete images.

It is the main form of transition to abstract logical thinking as the main form. Figurative thinking is more common in lower primary school children, while abstract thinking is more common in older grades.

There are many ingredients.

In short, under the influence of systematic school education, the cognitive level of primary school students has been greatly developed.

3) The social development of primary school students.

After the child enters school, social relations.

Important changes have taken place, spending more time with teachers and classmates, and in spending time with teachers and classmates, children learn some basic skills and skills to get along with, cooperate and compete with others. Teacher-student relationships and peer relationships have an important impact on children's school adaptation. The quality of this relationship affects both the child's interest in learning and the sense of belonging to the class and school.

It also affects the emotional and emotional development of students. Elementary school is also an individual self-concept.

An important period of gradual development is the child's academic success, social skills, and social support from teachers and peers.

It has a great influence on the personality qualities that form self-confidence or low self-esteem.

Children above grade 6 basically enter adolescence, and children at this stage begin to have a strong self-understanding, and the range of friends is reduced, but the relationship is deep, and they resist their parents to become independent and self-reliant, and begin to evaluate their parents comprehensively and do not blindly accept teachers. At this stage, there are large mood swings, there is no self-control, the agitation stage of puberty, a critical stage of physiological development.

1. Transitional.

It mainly refers to the transition from naivety to maturity and adolescence in primary and secondary schools. Adolescence is a period of semi-naïve and semi-mature maturity, a period of independence and dependence, and the intricacies of self-consciousness and childishness, full of contradictions.

The early years of youth are a period of gradual maturity and preparation for independent social life. Primary and secondary school students are in the period of puberty, and all changes in physiology will inevitably cause emotional changes, which are generally not easily revealed, and the psychology gradually appears closed, which is their next characteristic.

2. Lock-in.

Due to psychological lock-in, they are reluctant to say what they want to say to their parents and teachers, but to their peers, especially those of their own age.

3. Turbulence.

Due to the special state of psychological development of adolescents, they are prone to mood swings, lack of determination, and unstable personality. This special state makes primary and secondary school students psychologically unstable and has great plasticity.

Therefore, it is common to see teenagers fishing for three days and drying nets for two days, and being exposed to ten colds. Some students may study late at night today and give up tomorrow on a whim, a phenomenon called turbulence.

4. Contradiction.

Teenagers always want to act according to their own will, free from the constraints of their parents and live independently, and they not only do not listen to the words of teachers and parents, but even contradict them intentionally or unintentionally.

continuity and staging; orientation and sequentiality; imbalance; Differences.

The psychological development of an individual is a process of gradual and orderly progress from the lower level to the higher level, and the higher psychology is carried out on the basis of the lower level of psychological development, and the new characteristics of the next stage germinate, showing the continuity of psychological development.

At the same time, psychological development is a process of gradual change from quantitative to qualitative change, and when the new quality gradually occupies a dominant position, psychological development has reached a new stage, which is manifested as the stage of psychological development.

(1) continuity and staging;

2) directionality and sequentiality;

3) imbalance;

4) Differences.