Ancient Chinese social relations, ancient Chinese ways of interacting with foreign countries

The Tang Dynasty began to decline in the late Tang Ming Emperor Li Longji, that is, after the Anshi Rebellion. , "Anshi Rebellion" made the Tang Dynasty toss inside and out, up and down. Since then, the Tang Dynasty has had external troubles such as Tubo, Huifu, and Nanzhao, and there are eunuchs in power, and the power of the forbidden army and even the abolition of the emperor are decided by the eunuchs.

The festival degree makes the local government independent of the first place. After the death of Tang Dezong, Tang Shunzong, who succeeded to the throne, tried to carry out reforms, threatening the interests of the eunuchs. So Tang Xianzong, who passed through Yongzhen Neizen and was supported by eunuchs, ascended the throne, and relied on the strength of the forbidden army to make all the feudal towns in the country at least nominally all subordinate to the Tang Dynasty, known as Yuan and Zhongxing in history.

There was a short-lived boom.

The Tang Dynasty's exchanges with ethnic minorities began with Taizong, and the Tang Dynasty made peace with Tibet. Hui, Nanzhao and other ethnic groups are called Tang Taizong"Day Khan"During the Tang Dynasty, the "Silk Road" was still an important passage between China and the West, and new sea passages from Dengzhou and Yangzhou to Korea and Japan, and Guangzhou to West Asia and Europe were newly opened.

As for the goal, of course, it is the stability of the frontier, the unity of the people, learning from each other, and influencing each other. The Tang Dynasty's policy towards ethnic minorities was very good, so there was a lot of communication between the two sides.

I won't answer the previous one, everyone's answer should be different. I replied the last one, in fact, the real purpose of Zheng He's trip to the West was that Zhu Di sent him to find Zhu Yunwen.

It began to decline from the Cixi era of the Qing Dynasty.

1. The exchange of goods, whether it is between countries or among the people, this is the most common form;

2. Sending envoys to each other and visiting each other, some of which have political, military and cultural needs, which is a common form of communication between friendly countries, such as Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions, Japan's envoy to the Tang Dynasty, etc.;

3. Pay a direct visit, introduce the situation of the country, exchange goods, and put forward suggestions for friendly exchanges, such as envoys to Yelang country, Zheng He's trip to the West, etc.

4. Exchanges between people or private behaviors, such as Xuanzang's scriptures, Jianzhen Dongdu, etc.;

5. Marriage, such as Princess Wencheng Tubo and relatives, Wang Zhaojun and relatives, etc.

In ancient history, economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries were mainly carried out through four channels:

The first channel is **, which includes two forms: official ** and non-governmental**. The famous Silk Road is dominated by folk **. The second channel is the official dispatch of envoys, students, etc.

The third channel is achieved through Buddhists and missionaries. The fourth channel is war, which has objectively created conditions for exchanges between China and foreign countries. Of course, the fourth channel is not what we are advocating.

1. The exchanges between the government and the people are often accompanied by cultural exchanges with the outside world; 2. Official envoys and students; 3. Religious propagation, such as Xuanzang's preaching in the West; Four: War.

As now, harmony is precious!!

1. Characteristics of the diplomacy of the Han Dynasty:

1) Mainly in commerce, silk fabrics account for a large proportion of trade, with a considerable degree of one-way.

2) China-foreign exchanges are mainly by land, and both land and water are developed.

3) With Asia, including East Asia, Southeast Asia.

South Asia, Central Asia.

Countries in West Asia and other regions have frequent exchanges, which have had a great influence on Oriental culture, forming an East Asian cultural circle with China as the core.

4) Chinese civilization through the Silk Road.

It began to spread to Europe.

5) China began to absorb Buddhism.

and other foreign cultures.

6) The Han Dynasty had an advanced civilization and had a far-reaching impact on the world.

II. Characteristics of Tang Dynasty Diplomacy:

1) The scope of Tang Dynasty's foreign exchanges was more extensive and continuous.

2) The field is comprehensive, and the exchanges with Asian countries are the closest, and the Tang Dynasty is the center of Asian culture.

3) The Tang Dynasty's foreign exchanges were diverse, including envoy exchanges, international students, technical exchanges, first-class exchanges, religious exchanges, artistic exchanges and other forms.

4) The Tang Dynasty's frequent foreign exchanges had a huge impact, promoting the progress of East Asian, Asian and even world civilizations, forming a Chinese cultural circle, which was the center of civilization in the world at that time, and its influence was two-way.

3. Characteristics of diplomacy in the Song and Yuan dynasties:

1) Due to the Northern Song Dynasty.

Beginning, feudal society.

The development of China's commodity economy, the prosperity of domestic and foreign shipping, and the rapid development of foreign shipping, especially maritime transportation, are among the best in the world. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Chinese fleet was the most active in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean.

2) During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, a number of international travelers with experience in foreign economic and cultural aspects appeared in China.

Fourth, the characteristics of diplomacy in the Ming and Tan dynasties:

1) Traditional foreign relations reached their peak, such as Zheng He's voyage to the West.

2) The emergence of overseas Chinese tide to promote the development of Nanyang.

3) Since the 16th century, Japanese and European colonizers have started their aggression against China.

4) The Chinese people began the struggle against colonialism and aggression.

5) China began to introduce and introduce Western scientific knowledge.

6) In the legitimate Sino-foreign **, China is in a position of superiority. At the same time there is sinful opium**.

7) The Ming and Qing dynasties implemented a policy of retreat and strictly restricted foreign exchanges.

Extended information: 1. Ancient China's foreign trade routes:

1) Qin and Han. Mainly by land. Chinese silk at that time.