What are whole grains? What are the five grains?

The five grains are "japonica rice, adzuki beans, wheat, soybeans, yellow millet", and in the "Mencius Tengwen Gong" called the five grains as "rice, millet, millet, wheat, wheat, and soybeans", and in the Buddhist sacrifice, the five grains are also called "barley, wheat, rice, adzuki beans, flax", and then Li Shizhen recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" that there are 33 kinds of cereals, 14 kinds of beans, a total of 47 species. Nowadays, the whole grains usually refer to rice, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and corn, and the grains other than rice and flour are customarily called coarse grains, so the whole grains also refer to grain crops.

There is also a saying! Grains are a general reference to our daily staple food, not a fixed reference to five kinds, in ancient times there were probably five categories:

1. Rice: The grainy staple food is the rice we eat every day, and there should be no controversy about this becoming the first of the five grains. The non-sticky ones are called japonica (jīnɡ) rice, and the sticky ones are called glutinous rice.

2. Wheat: powdered staple food, mainly divided into barley and wheat. Barley is eaten by few people, mainly used to brew beer and feed, and barley, the raw material of Tibetan barley wine, is also a kind of barley; Wheat is mainly made into flour and becomes the food of the general public, especially in the north, where pasta is still the main food.

Other miscellaneous wheat, such as oats and buckwheat, are now healthy foods for people who are overnourished.

4. Millet millet: These four grains are the general term for grains in the staple food except rice, simply put, millet or yellow rice. Among them, millet rice is the earliest mature one, used for sacrifice, the so-called Sheji Jiangshan, reflecting the respect for the ancestors.

5. Hemp: It is sesame seeds, which were transmitted to China from the Western Regions, so they were called flax in the past.

Rice, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, corn It is now customary to refer to grains other than rice and flour as cereals.

Nowadays, the whole grains usually refer to rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, and potatoes, and the grains other than rice and flour are customarily called miscellaneous grains, so the whole grains also refer to grain crops. Therefore, it is generally believed that grains are a general term for food crops.

The five grains "millet, millet, wheat, mushroom, and rice" refer to the following:

1. Millet: Millet shelled, that is, yellow rice, its seeds are sticky after cooking, and can be used to make wine and cakes. Because it is not conducive to digestion, "millet" is basically not used as a staple food now.

2. Millet: also known as millet, the growth is drought tolerant, there are many varieties, commonly known as "millet has five colors", there are white, red, yellow, black, orange, purple millet of various colors, and there are also sticky millet.

3. Wheat, a class of grasses, a kind of grains, divided into wheat, barley and other types.

4. Mushroom: A general term for beans, as the old saying goes: "Soybean is the strongest."

The ancient name is 尗, the Chinese name is the bean, and the word is now Shu. The general name of the beans. However, soybeans are called soybeans, bean seedlings are called Huo, and small beans are called wattles.

Bean products are also one of the favorite foods of the Chinese people.

5. Rice is a kind of cereal crop with straight stem of the grass family, and the main type is "rice" (which has always referred to light rice) with soil cultivation.

Extended information: 1. The grain culture plays an important role and can be described as the origin of human civilization. According to authoritative data, human beings have observed traces of sorghum on stone tools hundreds of thousands of years ago, indicating that grains have given birth to human beings for more than 100,000 years.

It cannot but be said to be a feat in the history of mankind that human beings have cultivated wild weeds into cereals, which gave birth to human civilization. At the same time, it tells the world that human beings have an indissoluble relationship with grains. The grain painting is the highest artistic embodiment of the grain culture and the artistic portrayal of the grain culture.

2. Millet, millet and other crops in the five grains occupy a particularly important position in the primitive cultivation of the northern dryland because of their characteristics of drought tolerance, barrenness tolerance and short growth period. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the characteristics of "keeping the year easy to be" were discovered, and it also became an indispensable food for people at that time together with millet.

3. Whole grain paste is a powder made of various healthy grain raw materials after being roasted at low temperature, without puffing, and no instant solvent is added during processing, so it can retain the nutrients of the raw materials most completely.

4. Cereals mainly refer to the seeds of plants. It includes rice, wheat, soybeans, etc., and other miscellaneous grains, such as millet, black rice, buckwheat, oats, barley rice, sorghum, etc. Grains are processed as a staple food.

It mainly provides 50% 80% of calorie energy, 40% 70% protein, and more than 60% vitamin B1 to humans

Whole grains refer to the five types of grains: rice, wheat, soybeans, corn and potatoes.

Rice, also known as rice, is a common food crop, which is harvested and processed, which is the rice we often eat, and is the "first of the five grains".

Wheat can be ground to make bread and other foods, and it can also be fermented to make beer.

Soybeans, known as soybeans in ancient times, are rich in vegetable protein and are mostly used to make soy products for consumption.

Millet is actually corn, and it is also one of the five grains, which is called longevity food.

Potato grains mainly refer to those tuber crops, such as red limb potatoes, potatoes, etc.

Historical Context

In fact, at the beginning, it was not only five grains, as early as more than 3,000 years ago in the Western Zhou Yu Chan period, the ancient Chinese picked mushroom rice for food, and also listed it as one of the "six grains". The ancients regarded wild rice as a delicacy and thought that they had a fragrant aroma. After the Han Dynasty, people began to grow mushrooms, and from then until the Tang Dynasty, it was used as an important food.

However, due to various reasons, people's domestication and cultivation of mushrooms have never been as successful as rice and wheat, and the yield of mushroom rice has been very low. In addition, there is also a kind of black powdery mildew, which will seriously affect its production.

Wild rice contaminated with powdery mildew fungus will swell underground and will not be able to produce seeds. But what is unexpected is that after the stem of the mushroom is infected and expanded, it actually tastes very delicious. In this way, the rhizome of wild rice swelled by the black powdery mildew fungus has become another favorite food of southerners.

Because of their dense and interlaced rhizomes, people call this plant "cocoon", and different regions call them cocoons, cocoons, bamboo shoots, etc. Because of the sweet taste, people began to grow mushrooms as a vegetable, and no longer used them as a staple food.