People often say whole grains, but what are the grains?

Whole grains, grains, millet, beans, hemp, wheat, rice.

Spike Valley, Hanging Valley, Root Valley, Fuji Valley, Horn Valley.

People often say whole grains, grains, what do you mean?

The term "five grains" first appeared in the Analects more than 2,400 years ago, but its content is not explained.

Mencius. Teng Wen Gong Shang - rice, millet, millet, wheat, mushroom;

Chu Ci (Wang Yi's note) - rice, millet, wheat, beans, hemp.

Others proposed "Six Grains".

Weekly Rites. Zhengguan - rice, millet, millet, wheat, mushroom, hemp;

The Three Character Classic" - rice sorghum, wheat millet, these six grains, people eat.

In ancient times, the so-called "five grains" actually referred to species or a group of major food crops. Over time, "grains" have become synonymous with food.

Grains are rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes, and grains other than rice and flour are also used to be called grains, and grains are also generally referred to as grain crops, so grains are also a general term for grain crops.

In addition to being the staple food, the good companion of the stomach, and the main source of vitality, whole grains also have many benefits for the human body. In the food structure chart of the food structure pyramid of residents, bread, cereals, rice and pasta account for 50% to 60% of the proportion of food. The nutrients in the whole grains are very rich, the fiber and minerals are several times that of ordinary white rice, and the vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc., and trace elements such as calcium, potassium, iron, zinc, etc., are rich treasures.

Whole grains are the main source of dietary fiber, and many whole grains have a large number of unsaturated fatty acids that can lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular diseases, so they can provide almost most of the nutrients necessary for the human body, and can be said to be the most nutritious food group. Whole grains are the cornerstone of the diet.

Therefore, from ancient times to the present, relevant scholars have continued to study the nutrients contained in cereals, and integrate them into the dietary therapy of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine, and can be combined with other ingredients and medicinal materials to enhance the benefits to the human body.

Soybeans, corn, sorghum, millet, shuzi This is the real five grains, and miscellaneous grains include a wide range of areas, such as: wheat, rice, sweet potato, and so on.

Grains refer to wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, and potatoes, but at the same time, it is customary to call grains other than rice and flour grains, and grains are also widely referred to as grain crops, so grains are also a common term for grain crops.

The saying of grains and grains has a very long history, and the Chinese have followed a diet based on grains and grains for thousands of years, as early as the book "Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon" for two thousand years. People generally think that wheat and rice are fine grains, and coarse grains refer to other grains other than these, and what we now call whole grains includes a variety of cereals and legumes, such as: corn, millet, barley, black beans, broad beans, mung beans, peas, sweet potatoes, etc.

Rice, grains other than flour are collectively referred to as cereals.

In the Yellow Emperor's Neijing, it is believed that the five grains are "japonica rice, adzuki beans, wheat, soybeans, and yellow millet", and in the "Mencius Tengwen Gong", the five grains are called "rice, millet, millet, wheat, and mushroom", and the five grains are called "barley, wheat, rice, adzuki beans, and flax" during the Buddhist sacrifice to bend the Hui Ceremony.

Then Li Shizhen recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" that there are 33 kinds of cereals and 14 kinds of beans, a total of 47 species. Nowadays, the whole grains usually refer to rice, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and corn, and the grains other than rice and flour are customarily called coarse grains, so the whole grains also refer to grain crops.

What are the "five grains" of whole grains? Grains: A general term for food crops. The saying of "five grains" appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "The Analects of Weizi": "The four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not divided".

However, the interpretation is different, one says millet, millet, wheat, mushroom, rice; One says millet, millet, wheat, mushroom, and hemp. The main difference between these two theories lies in the presence or absence of rice and hemp, and the reason for the disagreement is that there were not only five kinds of crops at that time, but the existence of the "hundred grains", "six grains" and "nine grains" theory is a clear proof of this, and the differences in the types of crops in different places are caused.

Health Significance:

Nutrition believes that the best diet is actually a balanced diet. The first principle of a balanced diet is to try to eat as diverse as possible.

One is the diversification of categories, that is, we should try to eat grains, meat, beans, milk, eggs, vegetables, fruits, oils and other foods; The other is the diversification of species, that is, in each category, we should try to eat a variety of foods, such as pork, beef, mutton, chicken, fish, rabbit, duck and so on.

Coarse grains are beneficial to diabetes, replacing some fine grains with coarse grains helps diabetic patients control blood sugar Studies have shown that the postprandial blood sugar changes after eating coarse grains and beans are generally smaller than those of wheat and ordinary rice, which is conducive to blood sugar control in diabetic patients.

Some foreign diabetes dietary guidance organizations have suggested that diabetic patients should choose to eat whole grains and miscellaneous legumes as much as possible, and they can be eaten as staple foods or as part of staple foods.

Millet. Millet: Millet shelling, that is, yellow rice, its seeds are sticky after cooking, and can be used to make wine and cakes. Because it is not conducive to digestion, "millet" is basically not used as a staple food now.

Millet is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world, originating in the Yellow River Valley of China and being the main food crop in ancient China. Millet grows drought-tolerant, with a wide variety of varieties, commonly known as "millet has five colors", there are white, red, yellow, black, orange, purple and other colors of millet, and there are also sticky millet. The earliest liquor in China was also made from millet.

Rice: dào. It is a straight-stemmed cereal crop of the grass family, and the main type is "rice" cultivated in soil.

One of the important food crops of mankind, it has a long history of cultivation and consumption. Half of the world's population now consumes rice, mainly in Asia, southern Europe, tropical Americas and parts of Africa.

黍: shǔ. The husk of millet is yellow rice, and its seeds are sticky after cooking, and can be used to make wine and cakes. Because it is not conducive to digestion, "millet" is basically not used as a staple food now.

稷: jì. Also known as millet, the growth is drought tolerant, there are many varieties, commonly known as "millet has five colors", there are white, red, yellow, black, orange, purple millet of various colors, there are also sticky millet.

The earliest liquor in China was also made from millet. Millet is suitable for growing in arid areas with lack of irrigation. Its stems and leaves are hard, which can be used as feed, and generally only cattle can digest it.

Now the staple food basically does not need to be "grass".

Mai: mài. Annual or biennial herbaceous plants, including wheat, barley, oats, rye, etc. Zishi is mainly used as grain or concentrate feed, winemaking, caramel and so on. The stalks can be used for weaving or papermaking.

菽: shū. A general term for beans, as the old saying goes:

The harvest is the strongest. The ancient name is 尗, the Chinese name is the bean, and the word is now Shu. The general name of the beans.

However, soybeans are called soybeans, bean seedlings are called Huo, and small beans are called wattles. "Bean products are also one of the favorite foods of the Chinese people.

Grains are considered to be the most commonly eaten food crops in the five major categories of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and potatoes.

Of course, there are many more definitions of grains, some people say that it is "rice, millet, millet, wheat, and soybean", some people say that it is "hanging, vine, root, horn, ear" five kinds of crops, and some people think that cereals and grains refer to all food crops in general, and they are the general term of grain, but in all seriousness, cereals and cereals are still the above five kinds of grains.

In ancient China, grain crops were called grains, and there were three grains, five grains, six grains and one hundred grains. We often talk about whole grains, so what are the five kinds of grains?

There are many ways to say that grains are said in ancient times, and there are two main ones. One refers to rice, millet, millet, wheat, and soybean; The other refers to hemp, millet, millet, wheat, and soybean. The difference between the two is:

The former has rice without hemp, and the latter has hemp without rice. In ancient times, the economic and cultural center was in the Yellow River Basin, and the main production area of rice was in the south, while rice cultivation in the north was limited, so there was no rice in the "five grains" at first. Nowadays, grains generally refer to wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, and potatoes.

Wugu is also a representative of spiritual culture, symbolizing traditional Chinese culture.

Rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes, and grains other than rice and flour are also customarily called miscellaneous grains, and cereals also refer to grain crops, so grains are also a general term for grain crops.