Briefly describe the new characteristics of the development of the global capital market after enter

Diversification began to emerge in the economy, the rapid development of the economy in the capitalist countries, the socialist countries.

The economy is developing steadily, the economic crisis of 2008 has passed, and now the economy is booming.

The international flow of capital is more extensive and frequent!

1) The key factor driving the initial formation of the capitalist world market was the first industrial revolution.

The first industrial revolution led to the initial formation of the world market (mid-to-late 19th century).

As the Industrial Revolution expanded from Britain to Europe and the United States, the international division of labor was strengthened and the international flow of population and capital was accelerated.

The Industrial Revolution provided the economic prerequisites for international exchange, and with the mass production of machines, the bourgeoisie.

Use cheap and high-quality goods to open the door of other countries, exchange for industrial raw materials, expand the market, and make the world's best.

The scope and scale expanded rapidly.

The Industrial Revolution provided the technical conditions for promoting international exchange. (Steam engine.)

The invention of steamboats, the smooth passage of railways).

2) The key factor driving the initial formation of the capitalist world market was the Second Industrial Revolution.

The Second Industrial Revolution contributed to the eventual formation of the capitalist world market. (late 19th and early 20th centuries).

The wave of the second industrial revolution.

The new means of transportation and means of communication developed during the second industrial revolution provided advanced material conditions for the development of the world market. Automobiles, trains, ships, etc. are becoming more and more advanced and fast, and the transportation is becoming more and more convenient; The advent of the telegraph** made it easier to exchange and disseminate commercial information between different parts of the world.

With the development of the world market, the international division of labor is becoming more and more obvious, and the flow of population and capital between countries is more and more expanded.

The second industrial revolution gave a further impetus to the development of capitalism, the major capitalist countries.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the world had been carved up, and the vast majority of countries and regions in Asia and Africa had become part of the capitalist world economic system economically, and the capitalist world market was finally formed.

Answer]: The international capital market is a market for cross-border transactions of financial instruments with a maturity of 1 year or more. The international capital market includes the medium and long-term international credit market and the international market, of which the international market can be divided into the first market and the bond market.

1) Medium- and long-term international credit market refers to the market formed by medium- and long-term capital lending with a maturity of more than one year. The main financial instrument in this market is medium and long-term international loans, which are loans with a maturity of more than one year provided by a commercial bank in one country, or a consortium of multiple commercial banks in one or more countries, to a bank, ** or enterprise in another country. After the 70s of the 20th century, international syndicated loans flourished.

2) The international bond market is a market formed by the issuance and trading of international bonds. The issuers and investors of the international bonds belong to different countries. International bonds can be divided into foreign bonds and Eurobonds.

3) The international market is the market for issuing and trading international markets. International** refers to equity certificates issued by enterprises in another country with a face value in foreign currencies as the face value relative to domestic**.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the opening of new shipping routes broke the relative isolation between the world, and the world began to become a whole that influenced and connected with each other, and the world market began to take shape; From the early 19th century to the sixties and seventies of the 19th century, the first industrial revolution greatly promoted the development of capitalism and colonial expansion, and many countries became colonies and semi-colonies, and the capitalist world market was initially formed. The second industrial revolution that began in the 70s of the 19th century further promoted the development of capitalism and capitalism, and capitalism transitioned to the imperialist stage. At the beginning of the 20th century, the world was carved up, and the vast majority of countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America became economically part of the capitalist world economic system, and the capitalist world market was finally formed.

The total scale of international capital flows has been expanding, and the structure has changed significantly.

After the 60s of the 20th century, it was accompanied by the third scientific and technological revolution.

brought to the developed countries.

Economic development is accelerating, the trend of internationalization of production is increasing day by day, and the scale of international capital flow is constantly expanding. Entering the 90s, this change developed rapidly.

International capital flow is the transfer of capital from one country or region to another, that is, the transfer of capital between international burials. According to the direction of flow, it can be divided into two types: capital inflow, Wang refers to the export of capital by foreign countries (or regions, the same below) and the import of capital by the country, which is manifested as an increase in foreign assets in the country, that is, an increase in the country's liabilities to foreign countries, or a decrease in foreign liabilities to the country, that is, the decrease in the country's assets abroad; Capital outflow refers to the export of capital by the country and the import of capital by foreign countries, which is manifested in the increase of the country's assets in foreign countries, that is, the increase of foreign liabilities to the country, or the decrease of the country's liabilities to foreign countries, that is, the decrease of foreign assets in the country.

From the 16th century to the mid-18th century.

The decisive role was played by the opening of new shipping routes. Originally confined to the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea**, it expanded to the Atlantic, and with the overseas ** and colonial activities of Western colonizers, Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa gradually became linked. Inter-regional linkages have been strengthened.

The world market referred to here is a manifestation of the efforts to open up overseas markets in the early development period of capitalism and a transnational phenomenon, not that the world market has been formed, because the level of productivity in the period of factory handicrafts is not enough to transform the whole world.

From the mid-18th century to the 19th century – the period of expansion of the world market.

During this period, the decisive role was played by the Industrial Revolution. The expansion of overseas markets and the surge in demand for goods put forward the demand for changes in production technology, so the industrial revolution occurred; The development of the Industrial Revolution in Britain and its expansion to other countries raised the level of development of the productive forces, and the capitalist countries transformed the world according to their own will in order to seize the raw material production areas and commodity markets. The outbreak of the first world economic crisis in 1857 indicated the initial formation of the world market.

This period saw major changes in the commodities that entered the world market, such as cotton yarn, textile machines, ironwork, means of transport and various industrial semi-finished products, as well as various raw materials for the development of capitalism. Although the level of economic development varies from place to place, their economies have increasingly operated according to the operating mechanism of the same market. Since capitalist industrialization was still in its early stages and the world had not yet been carved up, the world market was only in its infancy.

From the 70s of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century - the period when the world market was finally established.

Under the impetus of the second industrial revolution, the major capitalist countries have made the transition to monopoly capitalism, and the great powers have stepped up their competition for raw material markets, commodity markets, and investment venues, setting off a frenzy of carving up the world, and the vast majority of countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have become economically part of the capitalist world economic system, and the world market has finally been established. The export of capital has become the main feature of international economic exchanges. The formation of the world market is a major event in the history of human social and economic development, and has played a role in promoting the economic growth of various countries and regions and the strengthening of international relations.

(1) The development of the industrial revolution has made the international market increasingly important, and it is necessary to establish a broad world market (2) The bourgeoisie has a global capacity in the country.

Expanding the market and seizing raw materials have made the world's largest scale expand rapidly (3) The change of transportation conditions, closer ties and more convenient exchanges (4) The industrial revolution has promoted the formation of the capitalist world colonial system and is an important guarantee for the formation of the world market.

The composition of the international capital market includes the ** market, the medium and long-term bond market and the **investment market.

The difference between the international money market and the international capital market

1. The deadline is different

The international money market is a place for the exchange of international short-term currency financial assets. The international capital market refers to the place where financial instruments are traded for more than 1 year.

2. The composition is different

The international money market mainly includes: short-term credit market, short-term ** market, and discount market. The international capital market is mainly composed of the following three parts: the medium and long-term credit market of international banks, the international bond market, and the international market.

3. The characteristics are different

The international money market has the characteristics of short term, low risk concession, strong liquidity and low returns. The international capital market absorbs and organizes domestic and foreign funds through market mechanisms, and distributes and redistributes them in the medium and long term; Trading focuses on safety, profitability, and liquidity; There are various risks such as political risk, default risk, interest rate risk, exchange rate risk, and operational risk.

The significance of the international currency market

The internationalization of the currency will allow the issuing country to obtain more seigniorage revenue. Under the credit money system, due to the state's monopoly on the right to issue money, after issuing money and absorbing the equivalent amount of wealth, the currency will depreciate, and the wealth of the party holding the currency will decrease. Seigniorage is close to the face value of the currency, so Western countries have traditionally valued currency control.

The second is to control the global hard currency and international capital markets, while the high-tech, arms industry, and aerospace industry are the least important. Therefore, promoting the internationalization of the currency can help the issuing country's treasury to obtain more seigniorage revenue and enhance the country's overall economic strength.