What is the zero rail standard in the subway

At present, the track specifications of China's domestic subway and general railways are the same, both of which are 60 specifications (60kg m) and the gauge is 1435mm, while the heavy rail railway (Daqin Line) is paved with 75 specifications (75kg m). In the past, the subway was paved with 50 gauge rails, but now it is also 60 steel rails used after new construction or rerailing. ‍

Compared with the rails of general railway lines, there are the following similarities and differences:

1. Rail specifications: subway passenger cars are lighter, the running speed is relatively slow, the force of the rail is small, the rail specifications are generally 50kg m, and 60kg m is also used, and the general railway line train weight is large, the running speed is fast, and the rail specifications used are generally more than 100kg m;

2. Whether it is the subway or the main line of the railway, the gauge distance of the rail is 1435mm;

3. Like most heavy-haul railway lines, the subway rails are welded together as integral ultra-long seamless rails.

The specifications are the same, and the gauge is all meters.

The light rail is above ground, and the subway is underground.

Car speed The quality of the car is not the same.

According to the technical characteristics, urban rail transit is divided into subway, light rail, tram, monorail (monorail), maglev, automatic guidance system, and urban rapid rail transit system.

Trams are usually single- or two-car trains with a low transport capacity of 5,000 to 10,000 h. The metro is an urban rail transit system with a one-way peak transportation capacity of 30,000 hours. Light rail is developed on the basis of trams, which is an urban rail transit system with medium capacity by electric traction, wheel-rail guidance, and train or vehicle marshalling running on dedicated carriageways.

The transport capacity is between the subway and the tram, which is 10,000 to 30,000 passengers. Monorail is mainly divided into straddle type and suspended type, with a monorail capacity of 5000 20000 person-times h. The division of urban rail transit with simple names such as "subway" and "light rail" is mainly based on the long-term one-way passenger capacity of the line, rather than looking at its main underground, ground or elevated.

The corresponding judgment can be based on the rough judgment of the size of the vehicle. 1. High capacity: one-way capacity of 570,000 h, vehicle type A, subway; 2. Large volume:

One-way capacity of 350,000 h, vehicle type B or (type A), subway; 3. Medium transport volume: one-way capacity of 1 30,000 h, vehicle type C or (type B), light rail. So the light rail is the light rail, and the subway is the subway, but they are all collectively referred to as urban rail transit.

According to the definition in the "Classification Standard for Urban Public Transport" (CJJ T 114-2007) issued by the former Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China in 2007, urban rail transit is a vehicle transportation system that adopts track structure for load-bearing and guidance.

The "Urban Public Transport Classification Standards" also clarifies that urban rail transit includes: subway system, light rail system, monorail system, tram, maglev system, automatic guided rail system, and urban rapid rail system. In addition, a number of other new transportation systems have emerged as the transportation system has developed.

A system for transporting passengers using electric traction for vehicles traveling on rails in cities. Including: subway, light rail, tram, urban express rail, suburban railway, maglev line, etc.

Common rail transit includes traditional railways (national railways, intercity railways and municipal railways), subways, light rails and trams, while new rail transit systems include maglev rail systems, monorail systems (straddle rail systems and suspended rail systems) and automated passenger mover systems.

In the Chinese national standard "Common Terms and Terminology of Urban Public Transportation", urban rail transit is defined as "a general term for rapid and large-volume public transportation that is usually powered by electric energy and adopts the mode of wheel-rail operation."

The standards of these concepts can be checked, so I'll say some popular points for you to understand.

Subway (train, high-speed rail) and other means of transportation.

In addition to having wheels like a car, it is also necessary to step on two rails in order to walk, which gives rise to the following technical terms.

The section of track used to transfer when a subway train is transferred from one track to another.

Wiring] Generally, there are only two strands of track on the main line, which are in the station or depot.

There will be a number of tracks for the subway train to stop or maintain, and these tracks used to serve the subway train are wiring.

Switchback line] The subway train cannot make a U-turn, and when the subway train needs to make a U-turn, it must first enter the switchback line, and then transfer to the opposite track through the crossing line to travel in the opposite direction, so the subway has two cabs.

Connecting lines] Tracks used for communication between different subway lines, for example, trains of Metro Line 1 can enter Metro Line 2 through the connecting line for vehicle deployment and reinforcement.

Parking Lines] is similar to parking lots, where the tracks of subway trains are stored.

Depot Line] Subway trains enter the depot (subway 4S store) from the main line (operating track).

Maintenance line] in the depot. The depot is similar to the 4S shop of a car, the train is parked on a special track for maintenance and parts replacement, and the track used to provide train maintenance is the maintenance line, and the track of the maintenance line is overhead, and workers can go down to the bottom of the subway train for inspection.

Subway trains stop in the garage overnight at night, and the tracks in and out of the subway are the inbound and outbound lines.

Test line] Newly purchased or overhauled subway trains should be tested for performance.

However, if it cannot interfere with the normal operation line (main line), there must be a special track for them to test run, and this special track is the test line.

Main line: refers to the line that connects all stations through the beginning and end of the operating line for vehicles to carry passengers.

Auxiliary line: refers to the line set up for the operation of the train to turn back, stop, inspect, transfer and enter and exit sections. (Switchback line:.)

It refers to a line set up at the terminus at both ends of the line, or at the section station where the switchback train is about to run, and the operating train is set up to turn around when the train is running back and forth. Crossover: refers to the line that connects the uplink, downlink and switchback line of the line with turnouts.

Depot line: It is the line for factory operation and parking of trains in the depot.

A short rail pass means that the rail has been laid.

In order to realize the "subway", it is necessary to build a "special track" for the subway. Compared with ordinary rails, the length of short rails is shorter, generally 25 meters. To put it simply, the long track is to weld the short track seamlessly, according to the needs of the turnout, some long tracks are about 3 kilometers long, and some are about 5 kilometers long.

The gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track (based on the inner distance of the rail). In 1937, the International Association of Railways established 1435 mm as the standard gauge (equivalent to 4 feet 8 inches in the imperial system), and about 60% of the world's railways have standard gauge.

This gauge is also known as the standard gauge or the international gauge. Gauges that are wider than the standard gauge are called broad gauges, and those that are narrower than the standard gauges are called narrow gauges. Double-gauge or multi-gauge railways have three or four rails that allow trains of different gauges to travel.

The short track means that all 25-meter-long rail rows have been laid to form a continuous track. After the gap welding between the rail rows is completed, it is a long rail pass.

Generally speaking, railways with a track power supply system have only one circuit rail. This strip rail is called the "third rail". Electricity from the third track is usually transmitted back to the power plant via the train's wheels and tracks.

However, some trains with rubber wheels (such as some trains in the Paris Metro) do not allow electricity to be transmitted back to the power plant via the rails, so an additional live track (known as the "fourth track") is usually added to the section where the trains run to return the electricity. Interestingly, due to the additional advantages of the fourth rail (such as higher reliability and reduced complexity of the signalling system), some railway systems that use ordinary metal wheels will also be equipped with a fourth rail, which completely separates the rails for power supply and travel. The London Underground is the largest fourth-track rail system.

Line A in Milan, Italy, has a more specific four-track system. On part of the line, there is an electrified metal strip between the two tracks. The current collector shoe of the train is located on the "carriage" side to match the position of the live metal bar.

The third rail on the ground is used for the return of current. It is worth noting that the northern section of the line adopts a catenary power supply system.

Find a picture to see by yourself, there is an explanation.