What are Xanthines Introduction to Xanthines

The xanthine alkaloid structure is a bicyclic compound composed of imidazole and pyrimidine, and the molecular structure contains four nitrogen atoms. Typical drugs are the central stimulant caffeine and the smooth muscle relaxant theophylline. It has the effects of central excitation, cardiac excitation, smooth muscle relaxation, diuresis, skeletal muscle excitation, etc.

Oral, rectal, or parenteral administration can be rapidly absorbed, and after absorption, it can quickly reach the central nervous system, and can also be seen in saliva and breast milk.

pharmachologic effect. 1.Central nervous system.

The range of caffeine excitation of the central nervous system is related to the dose, a small dose can excite the cerebral cortex, which is manifested as mental excitement and active thinking, which can reduce fatigue and eliminate drowsiness; Large doses cause nervousness, tremors of the hands and feet, insomnia and headaches. At the same time, it also stimulates the medullary cerebrovascular motor center and vagus nerve center, increasing blood pressure and slowing down the heart rate.

2.Cardiovascular system.

Caffeine directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle, causing blood vessels to dilate and reduce peripheral resistance. On the contrary, it acts directly on the muscular layer of cerebral arterioles, causing its vasoconstriction, increasing cerebrovascular resistance and reducing cerebral blood flow. Dilation of bronchial and alveolar smooth muscles also results in the relaxation of pulmonary arterioles and increased pulmonary blood flow.

3.Other. It has a dilatory effect on smooth muscles such as bronchi and biliary tract, increases glomerular filtration rate, and reduces the reabsorption of na+ by renal tubules.

Xanthine is a purine derivative.

Xanthines are often used as mild stimulants and bronchodilators, especially for asthma symptoms. Including caffeine, theophylline, theobromine (mainly found in chocolate).

1 Pinyin 2 Overview.

3 Main varieties.

4 Pharmacological effects of xanthines.

5 Related Sources.

Xanthine is a purine derivative, which is often used as a mild stimulant and bronchodilator, especially for asthma symptoms. Including caffeine, chapone, cocoa (mainly found in chocolate).

Xanthines are used as first-line prophylaxis for asthma, relieving symptoms and reducing the number of rescue medications used in children with mild to moderate asthma, and are less effective than ICS in preventing exacerbations, and are similar to short-acting receptor agonists and cromolyns alone. The evidence for adverse effects is unclear. There is no evidence to determine the efficacy of adding xanthines to ICS as an adjunct to prophylaxis**.

The available data suggest that purine drugs are only indicated as first-line prophylactic drugs for children with asthma who cannot receive ICS**. It can also be used as an adjunct to severe asthma that is not controlled by ICS alone**, but further research is needed to determine the efficacy of this drug and to determine the risk-benefit ratio of xanthines compared with other drugs.

Ammonia, dihydroxypropyl theanine.

Bronchial dilation: achieved by the release of endogenous catecholamines and inhibition of phosphodiesterase.

Enhance the contractility of respiratory muscles;

Xing Huai Sofen respiratory center;

Affects the transport of calcium ions;

antagonistic adenylate action;

Anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it can be used for asthma**.

a.Tebutaline.

b.Sha early years old Metro.

c.Aminophylline.

d.Ipratropium bromide.

Correct high leakage answer Lu Zhen: c

Purine is a substance in the human body, in the form of purine nucleotides, which plays a very important role in the body's energy, metabolic regulation and composition of coenzymes.

Purines are organic compounds, colorless crystals, in the process of purine oxidation in the human body will form uric acid, uric acid is too high, it is called hyperuricemia, will lead to gout.

Therefore, the pain delay is a chronic disease caused by purine metabolism disorder, and the clinical examination result is hyperuricemia, and at the same time, there can be repeated ** or gouty arthritis, and sometimes it can cause changes in the uric acid kidneys.

Stones on the urinary tract or form gouty stones can cause joint deformities behind the ears, on the back of the feet, and in other parts of the body.

Hello, dear, I am happy to answer for you: purine is a substance that exists in our body, and what we often call purine nucleotide is a kind of energy in the human body.

It plays an important role in the metabolism of one of the body's metabolic enzymes. This purine nucleotide, after oxidation, will form uric acid, uric acid in our body with the blood circulation, when it is higher than the normal value, more than the body needs, we can find that we are hyperuricemia.

When high uric acid flows into the joints and muscles along with uric acid, redness, swelling, heat and pain in some joints will occur, and gout will be formed. We are very concerned about the amount of purines in some meat and some fruits in our diet to determine the dietary taboos of gout patients. Among them, purines, generally we are recognized as in seafood, as well as some bone broth we usually cook, its ingredient content is very high, and we gout patients should eat less of these things.

Hello: Allopurinol tablets are anti-gout drugs, this product is a drug that inhibits the synthesis of uric acid, and is used for primary and secondary hyperuricemia, especially hyperuricemia caused by excessive uric acid production; Those who have anti-** or chronic gout; Chalkstone; uric acid nephrolithiasis and/or uric acid nephropathy; Hyperuricemia with renal insufficiency.

Wishing you good health!