What container was used to drink wine in ancient China?

First of all, we must clarify what kind of grapes we refer to, there were wild grapes in ancient China and they have long been picked and eaten. This wild grape can be traced back to the Yin Shang period.

At this time, if it is an emperor or a palace noble, it should be a bronze vessel, and the zun, pot, hu, mao, and vessel are all bronze drinking vessels. The common poor were different, bronze was a heavy metal at that time, and it was a strategic material.

Ordinary people can't afford it and can't use it, so they generally use pottery to drink wine. And the Eastern Zhou.

The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were also roughly the same, but the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were frequent, and I am afraid that no one had the ability to go and wine except for the emperor and the palace nobles. <>

And to the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions.

Bringing back grapes in the current broad sense, the grapes that are now referred to as grapes originated in Europe and are an imported fruit. This should be the wine you are referring to. In the early Han Dynasty, there was no further development of metal, and bronze ware was still the mainstay, and the common people were still mainly pottery.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a development in metal smelting, and the output of bronze was increased, so that the people also had wine vessels that could use bronze. And the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, this state is no different.

In the Song Dynasty, the development of porcelain reached a certain height, and the material of ceramics, which was cheap, fair in appearance and lighter in quality, was loved by the people, from the emperor to the ordinary people, so ceramics became a kind of wine vessel loved by people at that time. And this state continued to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, ceramics reached its peak in the Qianlong period, and in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, with the import of glass, and the continuous dealings with foreigners, wine vessels also tended to be the same as foreign countries, evolving to the current state.

Grape wine luminous glass, want to drink the pipa immediately urge. "As the verse says, there was no better way to use wine than in my ancient days than in the luminous glass. The luminous cup is made of jade and goes through 28 complex processes to get this exquisite and clear jade cup.

Pour the wine into a luminous glass, and under the moon, the red color of the wine becomes delicate and attractive, which not only brings the world a visual enjoyment, but also can better taste the mellow and attractive flavor of the wine.

However, in ancient China, when wine was first made, it was first consumed with pottery, and with the development of the wine, in order to conform to the status of the royal family and bring out the color of the wine that is different from ordinary wines, luminous glasses began to be made.

Since then, the luminous glass has become an essential container for wine, and this characteristic is also reflected in many poems, especially the victory of the Tang Dynasty. Gently pour the wine into the luxurious luminous glass, raise the glass to the bright moon, the bright color steals everyone's attention, gently shake the wine glass, as if the liquid like blood flows in the glass, take a sip slowly, savor. The alluring taste is slowly conveyed from the tip of the tongue to every part of the body, every cell, and the ultimate enjoyment makes people flutter.

It is the beauty and delicacy that have made this beautiful combination popular in China for thousands of years. It even set off a frenzy among the royal families of various dynasties. In order to show off their elegant taste and abundant financial resources, the aristocrats sought precious jade materials to make exquisite wine vessels.

Nowadays, most luminous glasses are made of Hetian jade, and they are even more refined when paired with wine, but nowadays people drink wine from goblets made of glass. It's also a good decision to switch once in a while.

Wine has always been considered "foreign wine", but in fact, wine has long existed in our country, Chinese wine was produced in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in the Yuan Dynasty reached its heyday, many literati and celebrities in ancient China, wealthy nobles love to drink, and the cup of wine will also be recorded in some literary works. <>

Tang Dynasty Wang Han "Liangzhou Ci" wrote: "Grape wine luminous cup, want to drink pipa immediately urge", this is written to "moonlight cup", of course, not literally, "moonlight cup" is made of white jade, the ancients often compared the moon to a white jade plate, so there is a "moonlight cup" said, white jade made of the cup to take the wine, its "local tyrant" degree can be seen, of course, this is exquisite, Liu Yuxi said: "I say that I am a Jin person, planting this is like a jade.

It makes a good wine, and it doesn't drink enough." At that time, wine was extremely valuable, and only upper-class people could consume it, so it could be served in a "moonshine cup".

Traces of wine can also be found in some cultural relics unearthed in our country. A porcelain cup in the Chenghua official kiln of the Ming Dynasty is now named "Ming Chenghua Doucai Grape Pattern Cup, blue and white porcelain, made due to the needs of the royal family, so it is known that the upper class society of the Ming Dynasty also loved wine, and even made a cup with grape patterns, which was specially used to drink wine, which also shows that the status of wine in the Ming Dynasty is still very high. Henan Wuyang Jiahu ruins have also unearthed wine vessels, found in a clay pot by the composition of wine, perhaps the people at that time stored wine in the clay pot, drink with a spoon to drink, wine as a funeral goods, it seems that the tomb owner is also a good winemaker.

Wine in our country has a long history of development, Chinese since ancient times love to drink, praise for it is also endless, I think, the specific container used in each dynasty, or to see what container prevailed in this dynasty, after all, China's porcelain also has a long history.

A long time ago, glass was very expensive, do you know what container to use for wine?

Judge Han Sui (Du Mu) in Yangzhou

When it comes to making wine at home, glass bottles are the ideal container for alcoholic fermentation and wine bottling. Stoppers for glass bottles can be corked, synthetic, or screw caps. If the conditions are ideal for storage, the wine can be stored for several years without spoiling.

If you don't need to store the wine for a long time, but only for a short period of time, you can choose plastic bottles, which are slightly less airtight than glass bottles, and are more likely to allow trace amounts of oxygen to pass through, thus affecting the quality of the wine.

Homemade wine:

First of all, you need to prepare 2,500 grams of red grapes, 900 grams of sugar in the white ice stall hall, and a glass container.

Cut the grapes one by one with scissors, throw away the broken skin and bad grapes, wash the remaining good ones with clean water and soak them in light salt water for about ten minutes, then rinse them with clean water, drain them and set aside.

Pour the grapes into a clean container, add white rock sugar, squeeze the grapes one by one by hand, squeeze them as much as possible, which is conducive to future fermentation, and stir well with white rock sugar.

After the prepared container is sterilized at high temperature, pour in the grapes just prepared, remember not to be too full, it is best to leave one-third of the space, grape fermentation has gas production, it is easy to fill too full**, the container should be made of glass or ceramic products, and must not be plastic.

After 48 hours, the grape skins will float to the surface of the bottle, and there are a lot of bubbles, which are the gases produced by fermentation, stir well with chopsticks, the grape skins must be soaked in the liquid, and the color of the wine needs the pigment in the grape skins.

Stir once a day until the skins float to the surface of the liquid, and there are no bubbles again, and the wine is basically ready, about 20 days in summer, and then filter out the residue with a strainer, seal the container again, and let the grapes ferment a second time for a few days, and the wine is ready.

1. [

It is an ancient wine container of the Han nationality. It was prevalent from the late Shang to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Oval or square body, circled or quadruped. With a lid, the lid is made in the shape of a horned animal head or a long nose rolled up. Some of them are made in the shape of animals, with their heads and backs as covers, their bodies as their abdomen, and their legs as their feet.

2. It is equivalent to the current steamer. There are two types: round three-legged and square-quadruped. The whole vessel is divided into two parts, the upper part is the retort (zeng, sound gift), where the food is placed; The lower part is a mustache, which holds water.

If the retort and the casting, it is called a combined ring, and there is a copper piece in the middle of it, which is called 箄 (bi, sound ratio). There are cross holes or straight holes that can pass through steam.

3. Zunzun, now as a bottle, is a kind of large and medium-sized wine container of the Han people in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Bronze, the shape of the ring-footed, round or square belly, long neck, open, large caliber. Zun prevailed from the Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was rare in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

The shape of the statue can be divided into several categories, such as the shoulder-shaped and large-mouthed zun, and the goblet-shaped zun. The shape of the vessel with a large mouth on the shoulders was originally related to the large mouth of the pottery or primitive celadon.

4. Juejue is a kind of container used for drinking in ancient Han nationality. Jue is very common in archaeological finds of bronze ritual vessels in the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty. Functionally equivalent to a modern wine glass.

Popular in summer, Shang and Zhou. The general shape of Jue, there is a flow in front, that is, a flow groove for pouring wine, a sharp tail in the back, a cup in the middle, a puff on one side, a three-legged bottom, and a column when the flow and the mouth of the cup are crossed, which is a common feature of Jue in various periods.

5. Jiaojiao was originally used as an ordinary drinking vessel for low-ranking nobles. The number of horns unearthed and handed down is far less than that of Jue, and it developed into a beautifully shaped ritual vessel during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which was popular before the middle of the Zhou Dynasty and began to decline after that. Horn is a new type of wine vessel evolved from Jue, which appeared in large numbers in the late Yin Shang or Shang Zhou periods.

The shape is similar to that of Jue, but there are no streams and columns.

1. Zun, the ancient wine ceremony, used for sacrificing or feasting guests, and then generally refers to the wine container, open, high neck, circle foot, and often decorated with animal images. 2. The pot, the name of the vessel, was used to hold wine pulp or grain in ancient times, and was also used to hold other liquids later. 3. Jue, an ancient wine vessel, made of bronze, with flow, two pillars, and three legs, used to hold wine and warm wine, prevailed in the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.

4. Horn, bronze, holding four liters, resembling a jue without pillars and streams, two tails symmetrical, with a lid, used to warm wine and hold wine, appeared in the Shang Dynasty and the early Western Zhou Dynasty. 5、.觥, i.e., , was a common wine vessel in ancient times.

6. The cup, oval-shaped, is a utensil used to hold soup, wine and water. 7. Drinking utensils with handles and three small feet. 8. Wine containers, small mouths, wide shoulders, deep abdomen, circle feet, lids, mostly made of bronze or pottery.

9. The earthen vessel containing wine pulp is also made of copper, with a round body, a large belly, a lid, and four rings on the abdomen, which can be used for knotting rope extraction.

If it is a polymer material, it is possible, but it is better to use ceramic utensils, or stainless steel barrels.

You can use a ceramic wine bottle.

A small amount of small mouths can be bought in the kind of small-mouthed ceramic ball bottles, 5 catties, 1 catty, with porcelain, stored for a long time, do not worry about chemical substances with the container.

A 10-pound wine jar is convenient.

It also comes with a faucet to put wine, which is very convenient without opening the lid.

1. The mouth of the container.

If the double fermentation is not very strict, then use a wide-mouth glassware. If malolactic fermentation is to take place, a narrow-mouth vessel is required for the second fermentation.

2. The material of the container.

Let's start with the unusable: iron buckets.

Wine reacts directly with iron, and you should never use iron buckets, stainless steel is fine. Generally, home-brewed, glassware is an ideal material.

As for plastic, it depends on what kind of plastic, and food-grade ones can also be used.

3. Can I use oak barrels?

It is recommended not to use that, oak barrels are used to age wines, and give a special aroma of free tannins, and its process is very particular, and the choice of wine is determined, not there are oak barrels that can always store wine (brandy is okay, hehe). In addition, oak barrel storage is already a post-fermentation process, and the potential of ordinary home-brewed wines cannot meet the standard of barrel storage, so there is no need to waste that money.