What did the ancient exams mean? What does it mean

The father's generation is the Xian Exam, the grandparents are the Xian Zu Exam, then the previous generation is the Xian Great-Ancestor Exam, and then the Xian Xuan Ancestor Exam, and then the Gao Zu Exam, and then the Taizu Exam, and finally collectively referred to as the Distant Ancestor Exam.

In ancient times, it was called a dead parent. After the death of the father, it is called "Kao", and after the death of the mother, it is called "妣". The word Kao originally referred to the father, whether alive or deceased.

To explain the words clearly, please say the old words and filial piety words first, so that it is more convenient. The old oracle bone inscription depicts an old man on his side, with long hair covering his face, standing on his back, reaching forward, looking trembling.

In ancient times, it was called a dead parent. After the death of the father, it is called "Kao", and after the death of the mother, it is called "妣". Uttering "The Book of Rites: Qu Lixia":

Father, mother, wife, death, concubine, concubine. Han Zhengxuan's note: "Examination, success, and the success of his virtue and deeds; The words of the woman are comparable to the test.

Ancient tombstones are often engraved with "Xian Kao", "Xian Yan", "Xian Kao", "Xian Yan", "Xian Yan". In ancient times, it was also used to refer to living parents, such as "Erya Shiqin": "The father is called the test, and the mother is called the concubine."

Jin Guopu quoted "Cangjie Chapter": "Examination of longevity. ”

Therefore, Xiankao is the father of his deceased father.

Therefore it means to die, to pass away. It is obviously an honorific for the ancestors. In ancient times, the mourning of the father was called the test, and the loss of the mother was called the concubine. Kao: Originally referred to as father, later referred to as the deceased father. 妣: Originally referred to as mother, later referred to as deceased mother.

Pre-test: A title for a deceased father"First"It contains nostalgia and grief, and is an honorific title for the deceased elderly. Xianyu: A name for a deceased mother.

In ancient times, it was called Gaozu. Exams. Pronunciation: [ xiǎn kǎo ].

Citation: "Selected Writings: Cao Zhi, Wang Zhongxuan": Yi Jun Xiankao. Your Gaozu) Chinese character strokes: <>

synonyms: Wang Yun.

1. Gaozu. Interpretation: Refers to the first or distant ancestor.

Citation: "New Tang Dynasty Book Gaozu Ji": "Taiwu, the temple name Gaozu." "The nickname is Taiwu, and the temple name is Gaozu).

2. Ancestors. Interpretation of Yunjiao: The earliest ancestor with a lineage to be examined.

Citation: Manam Estate.

Yanshan Night Talk: Metaphysics.

The Decline of "Aristotle.

It can be regarded as the ancestor of metaphysics. Sleepy Quiet Beam".

Xiankao: The son set up a tablet for the deceased father, and the father made the people of the same generation gone, and there was no one who was higher than the father's generation, indicating that the father was the highest generation in the family.

Xianyan: The son set up a tablet for the deceased mother, and the contemporaries and predecessors of the deceased mother are no longer alive.

If the son's mother or parents-in-law are still alive or the grandfather is still alive, it should be called "first test". And you can't call your father's name directly, add the word "gong" after the surname, and add the word "obscurity" before the name. For example, the deceased father is called Wang Wu, and the tablet can be written like this:

First test the spirit (card) position of the prince of the three mansions", in which "the king" is also the meaning of the father.

If the father's generation is gone, and there is no one who is higher than the father's generation, the word "first" should be changed to the word "xian" to show that the father is the highest generation in the family.

If the father or his peers and grandparents are still alive, they should be called "ancestors". If the contemporaries and elders of the deceased mother are no longer alive, they should be called "Tanma Xianyan". And add the word "too" before "孺人".

Ancient to the name of the ancestors.

Xiankao pronunciation: [ xiǎn kǎo ].

Citation: "Selected Writings: Cao Zhi, Wang Zhongxuan": Yi Jun Xiankao. Your Gaozu) Chinese character strokes: <>

synonyms: 1. Gaozu.

Interpretation: Refers to the first or distant ancestor.

Citation: "New Tang Dynasty Book Gaozu Ji": "Taiwu, the temple name Gaozu." "The nickname is Taiwu, and the temple name is Gaozu).

2. Ancestors. Interpretation: The earliest ancestor whose lineage can be examined.

Citation: Manan Estate, "Yanshan Night Talk: The Decline of Metaphysics": "Aristotle can be regarded as the ancestor of metaphysics. ”

A good name for his late father. Cao Zhi's "Bow Poem": "Yu Mu Xiankao, when only Emperor Wu.

The title of the deceased father contains nostalgia and grief, and it is an honorific title for the deceased elder It seems that a daughter will write when she erects a tombstone for her father: Xiankao + father's name Title for the deceased father A good name for the deceased father Such as mourning, which refers to the father and the mother. Manifestation is the spiritual term, which means my deceased father.

The explanation of "Xiankao" and "Cihai" is: the good name for the deceased father in the old days. Xian, noble, illustrious; Kao, i.e. the father. In the name of his son, he published an obituary for his father, and called the examination. The public is so obvious (first) or so the obvious test is a certain (surname) public.

Therefore: Passed away. Xian (first) test: the ancient rite of the deceased father's honorific title, the deceased mother is the honorific title: 妣 idiom such as the mourning of the examination of the examination is the meaning of the father.

Generally, children inscribe on the tombstone or spiritual seat of their deceased parents: Therefore, the tomb (spiritual seat) of a certain (surname) is publicly discussed, and the words "Spiritual Seat" (spiritual seat) of the name of Xian Yan (surname) are <>

Therefore it means to die, to pass away.

It is obviously an honorific for the ancestors. In ancient times, the mourning of the father was called the test, and the loss of the mother was called the concubine.

Kao: Originally referred to as father, later referred to as the deceased father.

妣: Originally referred to as mother, later referred to as deceased mother.

Pre-test: A title for a deceased father"First"It contains nostalgia and grief, and is an honorific title for the deceased elderly. Xianyu: A name for a deceased mother.

Xiankao: A good name for the deceased father. Xian, Qing Xu Qianxue "Reading the Rites and Exams of the Divine Lord":

The ancients added a emperor character to the ancestors, examiners and concubines, and the first edict of the Yuan Dade Dynasty changed the emperor to the obvious, and the scholars were not allowed to be called emperors. I don't know the meaning of the emperor, the beauty is also, the big is also, and the meaning of the word is not taken at the beginning. "Obviously, take its virtue and reputation.

Xian Yan: A good name for the deceased mother.

The ancients talked about three immortals: "Taishang is virtuous, followed by meritorious service, and then speech." "Ordinary parents can't talk about meritorious service to the country, and they generally don't have any writings, let alone words.

So everyone made a fuss about "morality". "Showing the test" and "showing the woman" means that the deceased father and mother are remarkable in virtue and make their fame far and wide. That is to say, the first examination and the first examination are honorific titles, showing respect, and the first examination and the first examination are good names and praise.

Sometimes on the tombstones in the countryside, you can see a lot of inscriptions of "Xian Kao" and "Xian Yan". "Obviously, take its virtue and reputation.

Explanation of the exam.

Great-great-grandfather] Ancient name for Gaozu. "The Book of Rites and Sacrifices" Cloud: Therefore, seven temples, one altar, one Zen, said Kao Temple, said Wang Kao Temple, said Huang Kao Temple, said Xian Kao Temple, said Zu Kao Temple, all moon sacrifices.

Kong Shu: Said to be the temple examiner, the father temple, the king to take the temple exam, the ancestral temple also, the emperor to take the temple exam, the great-grandfather, the ancestor to take the temple exam, the ancestor also, the ancestor to take the temple exam, the ancestor also. Detailed explanation (1).

In ancient times, it was called Gaozu. "The Book of Rites and Sacrifices": It is the late king who built seven temples, one altar and one pier.

It is said that the temple of the king, the temple of the king, the temple of the emperor, the temple of the Xian, the temple of the ancestors, are all sacrificed to the moon. Kong Yingda Shu: "Those who say that they are taking the temple examination, Gao Zu is also."

Visible, clear. Gaozu is the top of the four temples, so Gaozu is the eye. ” 2).

An ancient name for the deceased father. After the Yuan Dynasty, he called his deceased father a manifest exam. "Shu Kanghe":

However, it is Pixian Kaowen King, Ke Mingde is prudently punished. Kong Chuan: "Only Ru Daming's father, King Wen, can show that the Bi Bureau uses Junde's clan to stop him, and he is cautious to punish him, thinking that he is educated."

Anthology: Cao Zhi, Wang Zhongxuan, Yi Jun Xian Kao, Yi Ye Zuoshi. Li Zhouhan Note: "Exam, father."

Press, Qing Dynasty Xu Qianxue's "Reading Rites and Examinations: The Divine Master": The ancients added an emperor character to the ancestors, exams and concubines, and arrested the Yuan Dade Dynasty to change the emperor to the obvious, and the scholars could not be called emperors. I don't know the meaning of the emperor, the beauty is also, the big is also, and the meaning of the word is not taken at the beginning.

The word decomposition Explanation of 示 示 (示) ǎ is easy to see when exposed on the outside: obvious . Significant.

Xianxue (a well-known doctrine or school). Manifestation, Revealed: Revealed.

Display. Showing the mountain dew (metaphor to show itself, eye-catching). In the old days, it was called the powerful or the famous

Grandees. Prominent. Prominent.

Honorifics, called ancestors: The repentance of the examination allows the explanation of the examination ǎ test, test: examination.

Examine. Inspection, checking: inspection.

Attendance. Ascertain. Assess.

Speculation, Research : Archaeology. Evidence.

Order. Textual research. Old, old :

Shou Kao. Originally referred to the father, and later referred to the deceased father: first test.

Such as mourning. Strike, knock: "And the ugly one is pounded with an axe."

Ancient to the name of the ancestors. "Rites and Sacrifices" cloud: Therefore, seven temples, one altar, one Zen, said to be the temple, said to be the temple of the king, said to be the temple of the emperor, said to be the temple of the Xian test, said to be the temple of the ancestors, and the orange or withered moon sacrifice.

The idiom "first exam" or "obvious exam" has the idiom "inspection is like mourning", which means that it is as painful as the death of parents. From this point of view, "Kao, Yan" refers to parents, and it seems that there is no such thing as death. So why is "Kao, Yan" related to Yuandong's parents?

Explanation of terms

In ancient China, there was a system of law, and the ancients often used a word to evaluate a person's life after death, that is, to cover the coffin, and its origin should be at least three generations before the summer. They were reviled for their tyranny. Zigong asked Confucius why he was a writer, and Confucius said:

Sensitive and studious, not ashamed to ask, is the text. ”

This is the reason why Kong Yuan, who defended the country, was called "Wen". The spirit of the law is justice, and its evaluation of good and evil does not allow the emperor to avoid the general. But ordinary people are not qualified to be slandered.

Parents are meritorious to their son's change and not returning to their daughter, and they should be affirmed. So everyone used "Kaoyan" to call the deceased parents nuclear-starving, and "Kaoyan" became an ultimatum for ordinary people. It is no longer clear when the scope of the use of the term "kaoyu" has shifted from referring to parents to referring to deceased parents.

What is the exam, the exam, the exam, and the first.

Xiankao, Xianyu, Xiankao, and Xianyu all refer to deceased parents, among which Xiankao and Xiankao refer to the deceased father, and Xianyu and Xianyu refer to the deceased mother. It is easy to distinguish between these two titles, Xian Kao and Xian Yan are good names for deceased parents, and Xian Kao and Xian Yan are honorific titles for deceased parents.

Therefore".

"Therefore" means "deceased", and although there is some overlap in the semantics before these words, they can also be used together. Therefore, "Therefore Xian Kao, so Xian Yan" is mainly a good name for deceased parents, and "Therefore Xian Xian Kao, so Xian Yan" is mainly an honorific title for deceased parents.

Previous statement.

In fact, the first inscription used in our country was "first exam, first concubine", and in the later slow development, it evolved into "Xian Kao, Xian Yan", of course, the former is still in use. The reason why it will evolve is mainly to promote the virtue of parents, and the ** of the word "obvious" is "virtuous and significant".

The ancients paid attention to three immortals, which are "Taishang Lide, followed by meritorious service, and three times by speech." However, in ordinary families, it is difficult to talk about making meritorious contributions to the country or creating works that are in the world, so everyone can only make a fuss about the word "virtue" and praise their parents for their good morality with the word "xian".

However, according to the data, different places have different customs, and some places have different interpretations of "xian" and "first" from the above statement. For example, in some places, it is believed that if one of the parents has gone and there is a person who is still alive, then "first test" or "first concubine" is used, and if both parents are dead, "Xian Kao" or "Xian Yan" is used. Regarding the inscription, the customs in many places are different and cautious, and some chaotic places are not fixed about the monument, for example, in some places, when one of the parents is still alive, you can erect a monument, and in some places you can't erect a monument.

In some places, words such as "first wide and volt examination, first concubine" may be written, and in some places, words such as "Xian Kao, Xian Yan" may be written, because the customs and habits of each place are different, these are all uncertain.