Seagrasses in the ocean, do they help with photosynthesis?

I thought seaweed was a general term for plants in the ocean, but it wasn't. Seaweed is a plant, but plants in the ocean are not necessarily seaweed. Compared to millions of discovered and undiscovered marine animals, there are not many plants in the ocean, either in terms of habitat or species, and their shape has been replaced by many marine animals, such as sea lilies and sea gills.

Look around, in the colorful marine world, animals look like stones, animals look like plants, animals look like animals, it's unbearable!

Sea lily. Not only that, but the plants in the ocean are mostly kelp, nori algae, etc. In the besieged ocean, only seagrass, which represents higher plants, is rooted in the vast and boundless marine world.

Fantastic Beasts and ** can find them 2: Seaweed.

Eccentric: The only angiosperm that can live entirely in the ocean.

Giant algae. Seaweed is a general term for a class of higher angiosperms that are placed under seaweed. There are 74 species belonging to 13 genera and 6 families. In this paper, we select the widely used and common seaweeds and elaborate them in detail. Despite its name, it is actually a grass.

Angiosperms are a type of higher plant characterized by the differentiation of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Other plants in the ocean are mostly algae and are a type of lower plant. They are characterized by the fact that the roots, stems, and leaves are not differentiated, and the spores are used instead of seeds for reproduction.

Algae and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) are the first organisms on Earth, and they play a decisive role in the transformation of the Earth's atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic, so many algae are not uncommon in the oceans today.

Submarine algae. However, the origin of angiosperms and the ocean has always been a mystery. In the process of biological evolution, there is a very crucial step, which is to land, leave the swaddling clothes of the ocean, set foot on the unknown new world, and release more evolutionary potential.

It was the landing of paleontology that eventually evolved intelligent life like us humans. The animal's landing process has always been traceable, and there are even living fossils like coelacanths to explain the excitement.

However, the landing and return of plants to the ocean is foggy. Due to the long time and slow evolution, the landing of plants did not leave much record in the strata. Similarly, we know almost nothing about how seagrass, the only group that can live entirely in the ocean, returns to the ocean.

Seagrass refers to monocotyledonous herbs that grow in shallow waters along the coast of temperate and tropical coastal waters. Seagrass absorbs nutrients from seawater and synthesizes organic matter through photosynthesis under sunlight to meet the survival needs of marine animals and plants. Sunlight can only penetrate the surface of seawater, photosynthesis requires sunlight, and seagrass can only live in shallow seas or ocean surfaces.

Seagrass is capable of photosynthesis. Seaweed contains chlorophyll, which is able to produce nutrients through photosynthesis through chlorophyll.

Helpful because photosynthesis is done through plants to each other and is not done by one thing alone.

In fact, plants growing in the sea also have chlorophyll, but the content is not much, generally plants close to the sea surface, the content of chlorophyll is a little more, the deeper the sea plants, the less chlorophyll content. The reason why algae have different colors is because they also have other pigments in their bodies - phycobilin, red algae contains more phycoerythrin, cyanobacteria contain more phycocyanin, and staghorn contains a special carotenol, so it is brown. These pigments mask the small amount of chlorophyll in the algae itself, so the green color is not visible from the surface.

When sunlight hits the surface of the sea, algae, which contain more chlorophyll, can photosynthesize like plants on land. The situation in the sea is very different from the sea surface, the blue water is so deep, there are many creatures on the sea surface, and there are a large number of various salts in the seawater, which has a certain blocking effect on the sunlight of various colors of light entering the seawater. Red light can only penetrate the surface of seawater, orange and yellow light can penetrate a little deeper, and green, blue, and violet light can penetrate deeper.

Among the algae, green algae absorb red light and therefore live in the shallowest places; Cyanobacteria absorb orange-yellow light, so they live in deeper places; Brown algae absorb yellow-green and red light, so they live in deeper places; Red algae absorb green light and live in the deepest layers. Red algae in the deep sea contain phycoerythrin, which uses this pigment to absorb blue-violet light, which chlorophyll cannot absorb, for photosynthesis.

However, in the deep sea, some green algae can sometimes be found, and their life activities are very slow, and these green algae can meet their needs as long as they absorb a small amount of light.

Marine microorganisms can photosynthesize.

Terrestrial plants use chlorophyll for photosynthesis and convert light energy into energy to fuel their metabolism. But American scientists have found that in addition to plants that can use photosynthesis to produce energy, there are also some marine microorganisms that rely on photosynthesis to survive. American microbiologist Ed DeLong said that this is a new way to convert the sun's energy, in the past, people never thought that marine microorganisms would have photosynthesis, and now research has found that about 10 marine microorganisms use this energy conversion method to make nutrients, which is another way for organisms to adapt to the environment.

The Montella Bay Aquarium Institute in the United States has a pond dedicated to drying salt, and the water of the pond is red. The researchers explained that the red color of the water is due to the fact that it contains harmless marine microorganisms that specialize in living in extreme environments — a salt-loving bacterium — in which scientists first identified rhodopsin, based on the results of genetic studies. Rhodopsin usually exists in the visual cells of the human body, is a photoreceptor, its role is to receive external light and convert light energy into nerve signals through complex physiological and biochemical reactions, and this bacterial rhodopsin in marine microorganisms can convert light into mobile electrons, which becomes the energy to promote the metabolism of the bacteria, which also forms a unique photosynthesis mechanism in marine microorganisms.

The researchers say the discovery also answers a question that has been there in the past in marine ecosystem research, why many microbes in the ocean seem to be able to survive and thrive for a long time without food**, and suggests that in the future, humans can make biological solar cells using the principle of marine microbial rhodopsin photosynthesis to produce energy.

Photosynthesis is possible because there are some plankton that need to rely on photosynthesis for nutrients.

The strange sea creatures that work at sunrise and rest at sunset can also accept photosynthesis.

Phytoplankton are the most fundamental molecules in the life cycle of the ocean's silver chain. These phytoplankton use the energy of sunlight and chemicals in the sea to make sugar and starch, a process called photosynthesis.

Seagrass is different from algae in the sea, but its appearance and name are often mistaken for algae that grow in the sea. It is a monocot that lives in shallow coastal waters in tropical and temperate seas. Seagrasses form vast seagrass farms in some coastal waters, and because of the abundance of humus and plankton in this area, it is the best breeding ground for juvenile shrimp.

Haygrass such as macrophylla and shrimp algae in seagrass can be used for heat preservation and sound insulation, and have a high economic value.

Some seaweeds are so small that they need to be magnified dozens or hundreds of times with a microscope to observe. They are made up of a single cell or a string of cells, with many different colored branches and leaves, which float in the water. Single-celled seagrasses grow and reproduce at an astonishing rate, increasing many times in just one day.

Therefore, despite the fact that they are constantly devoured by various herbivores, their numbers remain high.

Not all seaweeds are small, some are tens or even hundreds of meters long, and their soft bodies cling to the bottom of the sea, swaying back and forth by the waves and usually not breaking.

Seagrass is food for many animals in the ocean. Some marine animals are herbivorous, while others feed on herbivores for survival. Therefore, it can be said that seagrass feeds most of the animals in the seawater.

Seagrass, like terrestrial plants, grows in sunlight. In the process of its life, marine green plants continuously absorb nutrients from seawater, and under the irradiation of sunlight, through photosynthesis, synthesize organic substances (sugar, starch, etc.), so as to meet the needs of marine plant growth. Because sunlight can only penetrate the surface of seawater, seagrass can only live in shallow seas or oceans, and large seagrasses can only live on the seashore and in depths of tens of meters, otherwise they cannot survive.

Seawater contains a large amount of salt, which provides carbon dioxide gas that is more concentrated than in the air, thus preparing rich raw materials for photosynthesis of plants in seawater. Algae living in different seawater layers contain not only chlorophyll, but also phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and other pigments that can effectively absorb the sunlight energy of the water layer in which they are located. Although these pigments cannot directly photosynthesize, they can quickly and efficiently transfer the absorbed sunlight energy to chlorophyll, which is then used for photosynthesis.

Algae that contain more chlorophyll, such as green algae, are able to photosynthesize in the same way as plants on land. Can algae in the deep sea photosynthesize? Yes, too.

The sea can absorb the seven colors of light emitted by the sun, such as red light and blue light, which are the most suitable for chlorophyll photosynthesis, for example: red algae absorb red light, cyanobacteria absorb orange and yellow light, brown algae absorb yellow, green light and red light, green algae absorb green light ......A variety of different colors of light can penetrate the surface of the water, and green, blue, and violet light can penetrate the deepest layer.

Because the seabed can produce a lot of carbon dioxide for plants to photosynthesize.

Because marine plants also contain chlorophyll.

As long as the plants contain chlorophyll, they can photosynthesize.

Sunlight exposure, mostly in surface water, and most algae and plants also survive on the surface of the ocean, so there is photosynthesis, and in the deep sea, sunlight rarely shines, so there will be some organic life that relies on geothermal energy and so on.

Plant photosynthesis needs light, and marine plant photosynthesis is also due to the existence of light, and seawater has a certain degree of light transmission, because it absorbs sunlight before photosynthesis. There is no sunlight in the deep sea, so there is no photosynthesis of plants.

Offshore, there are sunny places where plants can photosynthesize as on land, but in the deep sea, a few hundred meters below, where sunlight is scarce or even absent, plants are scarce, but not absent. You must know that there must be sunlight for photosynthesis, but without sunlight on the seabed, the plants there cannot photosynthesize.

Because there's a lot of carbon dioxide in the sea.

Because the ocean is rich in carbon dioxide.

Because there are also cycles in the ocean.

Probably marine plants also have chlorophyll.

We know that most plants provide their nourishment by photosynthesizing for the production of organic matter, and they look green because they contain chlorophyll.

In the sea below 200 meters, where sunlight cannot reach, these plants are unable to photosynthesize, but they also have their own unique ways of obtaining nutrients. My knowledge is limited, so I'll introduce a few of them here:

1.Homemade (autotrophic): Scientists have found organisms on the ocean floor at depths of more than 10,000 meters.

At such a deep seabed, there is a huge amount of water pressure, and due to the volcanic eruption on the seabed, the temperature is as high as more than 300 degrees Celsius, and a lot of sulfur (chemicals) is spilled out by the volcanic eruption. That is, with these substances, the sulfidating bacteria can obtain energy to survive. Of course, it's just bacteria, but plants are similar.

2."Eat" someone else's (heterotroph): The plants you're talking about are probably like that. They absorb and use the excretion of organisms in the upper water layer to obtain energy from the corpses of non-or dead organisms (which sink by gravity). This is actually the decomposer function.

I don't think it's related to parasitism: parasitism requires a host, so how can the host survive?

Relying on the sun to shine on the surface of the water, the sunlight is refracted into the water for photosynthesis.

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