The history of the development of European culture, the age of the emergence of culture, the formati

If one wants to say that the great influence on European culture as a whole is considered by the individual, it is the development of humanist thought.

Humanist thought, which originated around the fifth century B.C., was mainly a shift from the traditional gaze to God and to man himself.

Representative figures include Protegra, Socrates, etc.

The Renaissance movement in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was a development of humanism, including the later Reformation, such as Dante's "Three Masters of Literature" and Leonardo da Vinci's "Three Masters of Fine Arts", and at the same time, the Renaissance also spread humanist ideas throughout Europe.

In the eighteenth century, the Enlightenment was a celebration of humanism, with the emergence of Voltaire, Kant, Montesquieu and others, who proposed what kind of society they wanted to build, and played a role in laying the foundation for the modern Western political system.

The above is a personal opinion, I hope it helps you)

Ancient Roman civilization is not included.

Characteristics of European history and culture:

The basic characteristics of Western culture were mainly the open maritime geography, the democratic politics of slave owners, and the full development of the slave commodity economy. Most of the ancient human societies were dominated by agriculture, and the ancient Greek and Roman societies had relatively developed commodity production, which was unique in the entire history of the ancient world. This is related to its specific marine geography.

The development of the commodity economy created a powerful industrial and commercial class, which overthrew the rule of the clan aristocracy and established a democratic government. The establishment of this tradition has made the development of history have a strong operating mechanism from the very beginning, and the state organism is full of vitality. The development of the commodity economy has led to the rapid development of productive forces.

In this way, the belief in conquering and transforming nature is easy to form.

The content of social life is also rich and colorful, which in turn prompts people to broaden their horizons, explore outward, and regard the discovery of the world and the transformation of the world as the most important value of life and the main way to obtain freedom. The development of the productive forces also requires the prosperity of the corresponding superstructure such as science and culture, so Westerners are eager for knowledge and regard knowledge as the most valuable category of human culture, so they do not rest on their laurels.

They have a tradition of "Aichi" and have always been diligent in their quest for knowledge. The development of the commodity economy and the open maritime geographical environment have made Westerners extroverted, active, and adventurous. They have an independent and uninhibited personality, a pioneering spirit and a mutated mindset.

This is illustrated by the philosophy of the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus, "one cannot step into the same river twice".