The process of the formation of European history and culture in whole or in part .

Ancient Roman civilization is not included.

Characteristics of European history and culture:

The basic characteristics of Western culture were mainly the open maritime geography, the democratic politics of slave owners, and the full development of the slave commodity economy. Most of the ancient human societies were dominated by agriculture, and the ancient Greek and Roman societies had relatively developed commodity production, which was unique in the entire history of the ancient world. This is related to its specific marine geography.

The development of the commodity economy created a powerful industrial and commercial class, which overthrew the rule of the clan aristocracy and established a democratic government. The establishment of this tradition has made the development of history have a strong operating mechanism from the very beginning, and the state organism is full of vitality. The development of the commodity economy has led to the rapid development of productive forces.

In this way, the belief in conquering and transforming nature is easy to form.

The content of social life is also rich and colorful, which in turn prompts people to broaden their horizons, explore outward, and regard the discovery of the world and the transformation of the world as the most important value of life and the main way to obtain freedom. The development of the productive forces also requires the prosperity of the corresponding superstructure such as science and culture, so Westerners are eager for knowledge and regard knowledge as the most valuable category of human culture, so they do not rest on their laurels.

They have a tradition of "Aichi" and have always been diligent in their quest for knowledge. The development of the commodity economy and the open maritime geographical environment have made Westerners extroverted, active, and adventurous. They have an independent and uninhibited personality, a pioneering spirit and a mutated mindset.

This is illustrated by the philosophy of the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus, "one cannot step into the same river twice".

European culture has undergone many important changes in the history of the Sakura tree, including:

1. Renaissance Movement: The Italian Renaissance Movement, which took place from the 15th century to the 17th century, marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era in Europe. This movement encompassed the fields of literature, art, philosophy, science, etc., and had a profound impact on the later cultural development of Europe.

2. Industrial Revolution: From the 18th century to the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution changed the face of European society. The advent of machine building and factory production led to a decline in goods**, which further contributed to the development of the European economy.

3. Modernist Movement: At the beginning of the 20th century, the Modernist Movement arose, challenging traditional aesthetic concepts and cultural values. This movement promoted new ways of creating in the fields of literature, art, and **, and became an important part of contemporary European culture.

And the world's cultures outside of Europe have undergone many important changes, including:

1. Islamic culture in the Middle East: Islamic culture is a diversified cultural system, including the cultures of Persian, Arab, Turkish and other countries. This culture has had a profound impact on fields such as mathematics, philosophy, science, art, and literature throughout history.

2. Oriental culture in Asia: China, Japan, South Korea and other Oriental cultures have also had their own unique development process in history. From feudal society to modernization, Oriental culture has undergone many changes, including ideological concepts and artistic styles.

3. American culture: American culture includes the cultures of North America, Central America and South America, and is mainly composed of the cultural influence of Indians, European colonizers and African slaves. In this cultural system, cultural forms such as **, dance, drama, and literature have unique forms of expression and development processes.

The periods in European history are roughly divided into Antiquity: from the Stone Age, through the Egyptian, Greek, and Roman empires, to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Historians generally believe that the fall of the Western Roman Empire symbolized the decline of ancient European culture and the return of Europe into the Middle Ages.

Medieval History: The Middle Ages in Europe are known as the Medieval Dark Ages, which are generally believed to have begun with the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted for a thousand years, until.

Ten. The Renaissance began and ended in the 5th and 16th centuries. There are two years that are considered the end of the Middle Ages: 1

The year 1453 was the year the Turks captured Constantinople and destroyed the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, which was also the year of the end of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. 2.In 1492 AD, Columbus discovered the New World of America, and at the same time, Spain eliminated the last ** power in the south, and completely drove the ** power from Western Europe.

Other historians believe that the Middle Ages did not have any definite end year, but not later than 1500. Modern European History: In fact, there are several key years in European history that are considered the beginning of modern history:

1.The year 1453 was the year of the fall of Byzantium and the end of the Hundred Years' War. 2.

The year 1492 AD, as mentioned above, is the year of Columbus's discovery of America. 3.In 1648, the Chinese New Year's Eve of the War of Religion ended, and since then, the relations between European countries have shifted from the core of religious issues to the core of national jujube and national interests, and entered modern international relations.

4.The French Revolution broke out in 1789, but many historians believe that this year was the beginning of modern European history.

If one wants to say that the great influence on European culture as a whole is considered by the individual, it is the development of humanist thought.

Humanist thought, which originated around the fifth century B.C., was mainly a shift from the traditional gaze to God and to man himself.

Representative figures include Protegra, Socrates, etc.

The Renaissance movement in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was a development of humanism, including the later Reformation, such as Dante's "Three Masters of Literature" and Leonardo da Vinci's "Three Masters of Fine Arts", and at the same time, the Renaissance also spread humanist ideas throughout Europe.

In the eighteenth century, the Enlightenment was a celebration of humanism, with the emergence of Voltaire, Kant, Montesquieu and others, who proposed what kind of society they wanted to build, and played a role in laying the foundation for the modern Western political system.

The above is a personal opinion, I hope it helps you)