What are the treatment options for kidney damage in the early stages?

Through conservative ** and close observation**, most of these patients can gradually stabilize their condition, the lump will gradually shrink, and the complications will become less and less, and there are generally no other sequelae. It is necessary to pay more attention to rest, replenish energy in time, and maintain the balance of water and electrolytes.

1.Nonsurgical injuries (eg, renal contusion, parenchymal minor lacerations) may be used for mild injuries**, including close monitoring of the condition, antishock, absolute bed rest, and antibiotics and hemostatic drugs.

2.Surgery may be indicated in patients with severe injuries (eg, open injuries, severe parenchymal lacerations, comminuted wounds, injuries to the renal pelvis or pedicle). To stop the bleeding completely, drain the hematoma and urine, and try to preserve the kidney tissue.

Depending on the degree and location of kidney damage, different surgical methods such as kidney repair, partial nephrectomy, and nephrectomy can be used.

Answer] :d the ** measures for kidney damage:

Kidney injury is determined based on the general condition of the casualty, the extent and extent of the kidney injury, and the presence or absence of severe damage to other organs. Therefore, consideration should be given to the management: Shock**; Damage to other organs**; Management of kidney injury:

support**or surgery**; The timing and method of surgery. Choosing the right initial** approach is often an important factor in determining prognosis.

For patients with severe shock, emergency rescue is carried out first, including bed rest, sedation and pain relief, warmth, blood (or plasma) transfusion, etc. In many cases, the shock is corrected and the condition should improve. If shock is caused by massive bleeding or diffuse peritonitis, exploratory surgery should be performed at an early and safer time.

In general, when extensive injuries require surgical exploration, a lumbar incision can be made because of its simple steps and low risk, and if necessary, the lower corner of the incision can be extended horizontally to insect the peritoneum to explore the contents of the abdominal cavity. If there is damage to the abdominal viscera, urgent laparotomy is indicated. An abdominal incision can be explored.

Liberating and blocking the injured renal vessels before opening the posterior peritoneum to explore the injured kidney can prevent unanticipated massive bleeding and avoid unnecessary nephrectomy.

Isolated kidney injury, in the absence of severe hemorrhage or shock, is generally used. (Most kidney injuries are uncomplicated) include absolute bed rest for at least 2 weeks, and is allowed to get up and move after the urine clears. However, it takes 4 to 6 weeks for a small laceration wound to heal, so strenuous activity should be performed at least 1 month after symptoms have completely disappeared.

analgesic and antispasmodic; appropriate antibiotics for prophylaxis and anti-infection, hemostatic drugs; Blood pressure, pulse, complete blood count, lumbar and abdominal signs, and hematuria are regularly observed. Topical cold compresses can be used, and blood transfusions may be used to replenish blood volume if necessary; 3 5 weeks to review the voiding urography and note for hypertension.

The principles of debridement, hemostasis, and initial suture in the field of surgery are also applicable to kidney injury. In the case of kidney laceration, the effect of primary repair is more effective than that of infection, and it is better to perform secondary surgery after the formation of scar adhesions. In severe renal contusions, rupture of the collecting system, urinary extravasation, and infection are the main causes of complications.

Reoperation at this point often requires nephrectomy. Surgery has a higher chance of repair when the renal pedicle is damaged. Therefore, in the above cases, you should start as soon as possible.

Emergency** Patients with massive hemorrhage and shock need to be given rescue measures quickly, vital signs observed, blood transfusion, resuscitation, and at the same time to determine whether there is any damage to other organs, and prepare for surgical exploration. 2.Conservative** Absolute bed rest for 2 to 4 weeks, stable condition, and no patient can be allowed to leave the bed until the hematuria has disappeared.

Usually the kidney contusion does not heal until 4 to 6 weeks after the injury, and if you leave the bed too early and move too much, you may bleed again. It is not advisable to participate in physical labor or competitive sports within 2 to 3 months after recovery. Watch closely:

Measure blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and body temperature regularly, and pay attention to whether the lump range of waist and abdomen has increased. Observe the change in the color of the urine expelled each time. Measure hemoglobin and hematocrit regularly.

Replenish blood volume and calories in a timely manner, maintain water and electrolyte balance, and maintain adequate urine output. Blood transfusions if necessary. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are given early to prevent infection.

Use analgesics, sedatives, and hemostatic drugs in moderation. 3.Surgery** Open kidney injury Closed kidney injury:

Once severe renal laceration, renal fragmentation, and renal pedicle injury are confirmed, transabdominal surgery is required as soon as possible. Surgery is indicated in patients with kidney impairment who have undergone the following during the conservative** period**: Vital signs do not improve despite aggressive anti-shock, suggesting internal bleeding.

Hematuria progressively worsens, and hemoglobin and hematocrit continue to decrease. The lump in the waist and abdomen is significantly enlarged. There may be abdominal visceral injury.