Characteristics of the most prosperous period of ancient Rome, characteristics of the stages of the

To give you an answer that is suitable for ninth grade:

During the first 200 years or so of the Roman Empire, the Roman Empire reached its peak of glory, spanning Europe, Asia and Africa, with the Mediterranean Sea as its inner lake. Within the empire, the rule was strengthened, the emperor was more enlightened, the society was peaceful, the economy was prosperous, and the culture was prosperousThis is the "** era" in the history of the Roman Empire. It is known as the "Peace of Rome".

The Roman Empire had ** dealings with India, Persia and China. At its peak in the 2nd century, the Roman Empire stretched from Britain and the Rhine and Danube rivers to the north, the Euphrates to the east, the Mediterranean coast on the edge of the Sahara Desert in North Africa to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

The political system created by Augustus, known as the Führer in history, is actually an imperial system in the name of the republic. During his reign, he carried out a series of positive reforms that promoted economic and social development. It also expanded to the north of the empire to the Rhine and Danube.

After Augustus' death, his adopted son Tiberius succeeded him, thus initiating the system of succession. The period from 27 BC to 192 BC is known as the Pre-Imperial Period and includes 3 dynasties: the Claudian dynasty, the Flavian dynasty, and the Antonine dynasty.

During this period, society was relatively stable. During the reign of Emperor Trajan of the Antonine dynasty (98-117), the empire reached its maximum: from Spain and Britain in the west, the Euphrates River in the east, Egypt and Carthage in the south, the Rhine and Danube rivers in the north, and the Mediterranean Sea became the inland sea of the empire.

The economy is booming like never before.

1. Ancient Greece and Rome (8th century B.C. and 6th century B.C.) were the sources of Western civilization and left a valuable legacy for the political and spiritual civilization of mankind.

1) Ancient Greek civilization: From the 8th century BC, with the formation and development of the slave city-state, the development of Greek industry and commerce promoted the rise of democratic politics with the Athenian city-state as a typical and prosperous; At the same time, the culture of ancient Greece has made brilliant achievements, among which humanist ideas have had a profound impact on modern Western culture.

2) Ancient Roman civilization: In the 6th century BC, the Roman Republic was established, and in order to alleviate the contradictions between nobles and commoners, the first written law appeared in Rome; Later, with the expansion of Rome and the establishment of the empire, Roman law completed the transition from civil law to universal civil law, and during the reign of Justinian, a complete legal system was formed.

2. The era of the handicraft workshop (16th century to mid-18th century).

Stage characteristics: the transition from feudal society to capitalist society.

Economically: the development of capitalist industry and commerce, capitalism first sprouted in Italy, then in Western Europe;

Politically: the early bourgeois revolutions broke out in Europe and the United States, and the capitalist democratic political system began to be established in Western Europe and North America; Ideologically and culturally: the Renaissance, the Reformation and the Enlightenment lifted the spiritual shackles for the development of capitalism, and the modern natural sciences were produced.

born, gave birth to classical mechanics; In international relations, with the opening of new shipping routes and colonial expansion, the cone of the capitalist world market began to emerge and expand further.

3. The Age of Steam (late 18th century to mid-19th century).

Stage characteristics: liberal capitalist development.

Economically: the Industrial Revolution took place, and industrial capitalism developed rapidly;

Politically: the capitalist system was established on a world scale, Germany completed its unification and established a constitutional monarchy as a whole; France finally did.

republican form of government; Britain carried out a session of reform; The international workers' movement and socialism formed a progressive current;

Ideologically and culturally: the Enlightenment was further disseminated, Marxism was born, socialist thought was utopian to science, Darwinian evolution liberated people from the shackles of theological thought, and Watt improved the steam engine as the machine of the industrial revolution.

Production provides the power;

Reason for Prosperity: A.D.

In the first and second centuries, with the consolidation of the unified empire, with the adjustment of the production relations of slavery, and the improvement of the living standards and legal status of slaves, the social economy of Rome developed rapidly. Agriculture, handicrafts and commerce all flourished like never before. Roman.

The prosperity of the city is based on the prosperity of the city's bourgeoisie.

At the beginning of the empire, the political stability of the empire, order and peace within the empire and the establishment of the principle of private ownership of land, the "limited" protection of private landowners by the state and the emergence of a large number of municipalities. Of course, the tendency of some freemen to despise labor and not to work in agriculture also contributed to the development of large estates. Although agriculture in Italy began to decline for various reasons, agriculture in the provinces developed rapidly.

The formation of the empire created favorable material conditions and promoted the development of industry and commerce. A relatively peaceful political atmosphere is, first of all, conducive to exchanges between various localities. Throughout the empire, people of all ethnic groups were free to travel, and from the Euphrates to the Tayurs River did not need any passports, making it easy to trade and trade.

In addition to knowing the objective conditions, the change in the attitude of all social strata towards industry and commerce is also conducive to the development of industry and commerce. The Führer and the new bureaucratic class, who came from the knightly class, were no longer as dismissive of industry and commerce as the old senatorial aristocracy, they were all concerned with economic interests, and industry and commerce developed by leaps and bounds.

1. Ancient Rome arose in the Italian peninsula and was adjacent to Greece. At the height of the classical Greek culture in the 5th century BC, Rome was still a newly civilized city-state. As Rome expanded abroad, so did Roman culture.

2. Roman culture is an important part of Western classical culture, and it has a myriad of historical ties with Greek culture. Whether it is in architecture, religion, science, or literature, art, etc., we can see the influence and imprint of Greek culture, which is the inheritance and development of Greek culture, but its achievements in these aspects are better than those of Greece.

3. The Romans were an agricultural, industrious and industrial people in the early days, and for a long time, they have maintained a strong, simple, diligent and pragmatic folk customs. The Romans of the early republican period lived frugally and without luxury, and people dressed modestly and ate simply. Under the influence of the Roman national spirit, simplicity and pragmatism became the most important characteristic of Roman culture.

4. The outstanding achievements of the Roman art family are manifested in architecture and sculpture. Roman architecture greatly surpassed Greece in terms of overall planning, the complexity of the technical structure of the building, and the variety of types of uses, forming a Romanesque style of architecture.