What are the three basic methods of pruning fruit trees

The three main points of fruit tree shaping and pruning are: potential, shape and quantity.

1. Potential: As far as pruning is concerned, no matter how many factors affect the "potential", as long as you know and master the following three points.

A moderate and robust tree is the expected goal of pruning; What is the moderate and robust tree potential; Pruning and regulation methods to achieve moderate and robust trees.

2. Shape: refers to the size and structural form of the tree, large branches and branch groups.

3. Quantity: refers to the amount of pruning, that is, the amount of cutting off the branches and buds of the tree. For the mature and vigorous growth of the trees in the formation and fruiting stage, the pruning amount is generally about 30% of the total branch bud amount should be cut off, the weak trees should be appropriately increased, and the prosperous trees should be appropriately reduced.

The three basic methods of pruning fruit trees are stubbing, shrinking and thinning, and after 1 year of planting, it is necessary to use the stubbing method to cut off part of the old branches of the plant. If there are many weak, bald and old branches on the fruit tree, these branches need to be cut off by shrinking pruning. The branches of fruit trees are too dense and need to be pruned with thinning methods.

Stubbing means that the plant grows to about 1 year, and the plant is pruned in the right season, and some of the old and long branches need to be cut off. When pruning, you can cut off the aging branches on the side branches, and some of the old leaves should also be cut off to keep the strong branches. Shortening the plant can save nutrients for the plant and is conducive to better plant growth.

During the pruning of fruit trees, the method of shrinking pruning is also used more. When pruning, thin single branches, bare branches, and senile branches are cut off from the fruit tree, which is conducive to the growth of the plant. Shrinking and pruning can make the plant grow better, the branches are strong, and the quality and quantity of the fruit can be guaranteed as long as it is properly maintained in the later stage.

The third method of pruning fruit trees is thinning, which is mainly to cut off the dense branches and long branches of the fruit tree. After the dense branches are cut off, the growth space of the branches becomes larger, which can avoid the heavy branches and crossings of the branches, which is conducive to the growth of branches and leaves. Flowers also need to be thinned, and dense flower buds should be cut off, which can save nutrients and facilitate the flowering of plants in the later stage.

In the process of pruning fruit trees, the pruning tools should be disinfected with alcohol in advance, and the main and secondary should be clear when pruning, and the main branches should not be moved as much as possible, and the side branches can be properly pruned. After pruning fruit trees, keep the environment ventilated to avoid water contact with wounds. An appropriate amount of plant ash can be applied to the wound to prevent the wound from being infected with bacteria and can also promote wound healing.

For most fruit trees, pruning is usually carried out in winter and summer during the year, and in terms of phenology, it is divided into dormant pruning and growing pruning. Among them, the dormant pruning period is mainly to prune or shorten some unwanted branches and residual diseased branches and dead branches on the tree body, and it is also necessary to select the backbone branches, central branches, main branches, secondary main branches and other branches to plan for the establishment of a productive tree shape. During the growth period, pruning mainly inhibits the growth of new shoots, promotes the formation of flower buds, improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree, improves the light and utilization efficiency, and produces high-quality fruits.

Dormant pruning: stubbing, retraction, longing, thinning, etc.;

Pruning during the growth period: wiping buds, carving buds, removing germination, topping, taking branches, twisting tips, pulling branches, thinning, other branches, etc.

Fruit tree pruning precautions:When pruning, the grower should observe the growth of the tree as a whole, and then follow the principle of top-down, from outside to inside, and from coarse to fine. Do not see the fruit trees directly, do not consider the basic growth of the fruit trees and the needs of tree shaping, just to meet the ventilation and light transmission, which can easily lead to the chaos of the trees in the orchard, which seriously affects the field management in the later stage.

After pruning, the wound should be applied with Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur mixture stock solution or naphthalene acetic acid in time to avoid wound infection, invasion of germs, and adverse effects on tree potential and even yield. If this operation is not handled properly or is not carried out at all, it is easy to cause xylem decay, destruction of conductive tissues, abnormal water and nutrient transport, weakening of tree growth, and even death due to poor wound healing.

The pruning methods of fruit trees include light truncation, medium truncation, topping and thinning, etc., light truncation is conducive to the formation of flower buds, medium truncation is conducive to the renewal of weak branches, and topping is conducive to promoting the growth of new branches, and thinning can also improve the ventilation conditions of the canopy, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, thereby increasing the accumulation of nutrients in fruit trees.

1. Light stub

When pruning fruit trees, you can use the method of light stubbing, the pruning amount of this method is small, and the damage of the tree body is also small, the pruning part will generally not exceed 1 4 of the branch, the branch segment that is retained is longer, can form more medium and short branches, so that the growth of a single branch is better, is conducive to the formation of flower buds.

2. Medium stub

The short truncation is generally in the upper part of the fruit tree top full bud truncated 1 3, after the truncation can meristem more medium and long branches, the branching force is stronger, can effectively promote the growth of plants, generally can be used for the renewal of extended branches or weak branches.

3. Topping

The main purpose of topping fruit trees is to prune the new shoots that are growing, that is, to cut off the young part of the top, which can promote the growth of new branches and help the plant to blossom and bear fruit.

4. Thinning branches

Thinning is to cut the branches of fruit trees from the base, generally used to remove dry branches, diseased branches or too dense, cross branches, thinning can improve the ventilation conditions of the crown, improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, and increase the accumulation of plant nutrients.

When pruning fruit trees, the method of stubbing can be adopted to cut off the shoots and shoots on the paper strips, so that the nutrients can be better concentrated. Topping is the process of pruning off the tender part of the tip of the new shoot to promote the growth of the new shoot. During the pruning process, try to prune off the branches as much as possible, and do not rub back and forth, otherwise the wound will be deformed.

Thinning is the pruning of densely grown branches, pests and diseases to reduce the consumption of plant nutrients and make them grow and develop better.

1. Stub. Stubbing is to cut off the shoots and shoots on the branches of fruit trees, so that nutrients can be concentrated, so that the branches can better sprout and grow. It should be noted that for the newly planted fruits, the pruning amplitude should not be too large, otherwise it is easy to produce fruit or slow processing.

2. Topping. Topping is the process of pruning the growing shoots and removing the tender tops. This behavior is done to promote the growth of new shoots, to help promote flowering and fruiting of fruit trees, and to increase the yield of fruit trees.

3. Sparse cutting. During thinning, pruning is carried out on excessively long branches, thin branches, and diseased branches when the fruit tree is growing densely. Proper thinning will reduce the consumption of plant nutrients, and can also increase plant light transmittance, so that the plant can grow and develop better.

4. Pruning precautions.

When pruning fruit trees, there should not be too many wounds, and the cut should be smooth enough to not split, which will affect the growth of fruit trees, and the wound will recover slowly.