What does Schr dinger s cat mean?

Schrödinger's cat (Schr Dinger'SCAT) is a thought experiment on quantum theory.

Although it has been a century since the birth of quantum theory, half a century has passed since its glorious peak and prosperity. The confusion that quantum theory once caused continues to puzzle people in the 21st century. As Bohr famously said:

Whoever doesn't get angry when he first hears about quantum theory must not have understood. "Schrödinger's cat is one of the many quantum puzzles. Schrödinger tried to use a thought experiment to test the uncertainties implicit in quantum theory.

Imagine a closed box with a live cat and a bottle of poison. When decay occurs, the vial is broken and the cat will be poisoned. According to common sense, cats may or may not be alive.

There is a hammer on the vial, which is controlled by an electronic switch, which is controlled by radioactive atoms. If the nucleus decays, alpha particles are released, the electronic switch is triggered, the hammer falls, smashes the poison bottle, and releases the cyanide gas inside, and the cat will surely die. The decay of an atomic nucleus is a random event, and all physicists know for sure is the half-life – half the time it takes to decay.

If the half-life of a radioactive element is one day, then after one day, the element is reduced by half, and another day, the remaining half is missing. Physicists have no way of knowing when it decays, in the morning or in the afternoon. Of course, physicists know the odds of it decaying in the morning or afternoon – that is, the chance that the cat will die in the morning or afternoon.

If people do not lift the lid of the chamber, based on the experience of daily life, it can be assumed that the cat is either dead or alive. These are its two eigenstates. If the Schrödinger equation is used to describe the Schrödinger cat, it can only be said that it is in a superposition of living and inactive.

Only the moment the lid is lifted, can one know for sure whether the cat is dead or alive. At this time, the wave function of the cat immediately shrinks from the superposition state to a certain eigenstate. Quantum theory argues:

If the lid is not lifted for observation, people will never know whether the cat is dead or alive, it will always be in a half-dead state, but this makes the microscopic uncertainty principle become the macroscopic uncertainty principle, the objective law is not transferred by human will, and the cat is both alive and dead violates logical thinking.

In the completely sealed box there is a cat and a gas switch. If you touch the switch, the cat will be poisoned, and if you don't touch the switch, the cat will be safe. You don't know the result until you open the box, so you make observations, and you determine the final form of the cat, which is both alive and dead.

That is, the process from a chaotic superimposed state to a definite state.

Schrödinger's cat is a story in quantum mechanics, and its role is actually to present Schrödinger's experiment in the most vivid way.

"Schrödinger's Cat" is a famous thought experiment on the superposition of life and death of cats proposed by Austrian physicist Schrödinger in 1935, which is a deduction that extends the quantum behavior of the microscopic field to the macroscopic world.

The theoretical experiment consisted of putting a cat in a closed, opaque box, in which Schrödinger placed a radioactive atom, a device that could detect the decay of atoms, and a poison gas release device.

This atom has a chance to decay within an hour, and if it does, it will be detected by the detection device, which will activate the poison gas release device and kill the cat.

The purpose of Schrödinger's Cat experiment is to refute the Copenhagen School's theory that the superposition state of a quantum system becomes a fixed state due to interaction with the external world, or when measured by the external world.

But objectively speaking, this cat, whether you observe it externally or not, its life and death have long been fixed. This refutes the Copenhagen School's theory of superposition states of quantum systems, and achieves the experimental purpose.

To put it simply, it was a thought experiment designed by Schrödinger to represent the imperfection of the "wave function collapse" theory in the quantum theory of his time.

A cat is placed in an opaque box, which is then connected to an experimental setup containing a radioactive nucleus and a container containing toxic gases. Imagine that this radioactive nucleus has a 50% chance of decaying within an hour. If decay occurs, it will emit a particle, which will trigger the experimental device to open the container containing the poisonous gas, killing the cat.

According to quantum mechanics, when not observed, the nucleus is in a superposition of decayed and undecayed, but if the box is opened after an hour, the experimenter can only see "decayed nuclei and dead cats" or "undecayed nuclei and living cats".

According to quantum mechanics, when not observed, the quantum system is in a superposition of decayed and undecayed, which can be described by a wave function, which can be solved by the Schrödinger equation.

When an observation occurs, the system is no longer in a superposition state and becomes a state of one of the two, the so-called "wave function collapse".

Wave function collapse: refers to the phenomenon that the wave function of some quantum mechanical system changes abruptly after some interaction with the outside world to one of the eigenstates or a linear combination of a finite number of eigenstates with the same eigenvalue.

Schrödinger reflects the superposition of quantum systems through the superposition of the cat's life and death at the macroscopic level, and reflects the microscopic observations that cause the collapse of the quantum system by opening the box at the macroscopic level.

Schrödinger's original intention was that quantum mechanics itself would be incomplete without a reasonable explanation for the collapse of the wave function and the state in which the cat was located.

In other words, the theory of "wave function collapse" in quantum mechanics still needs to be completed.

A more general explanation is that the wave function has collapsed before the box is opened, and the cat is already one of the deterministic states of dead or alive. It's not about opening the box and observing the wave function collapse caused by this behavior.

This is the objective collapse theory.

According to the objective collapse theory, superimposed states are spontaneously destroyed when certain objective physical thresholds (time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.) are reached. As a result, the cat will be in an exact state long before the box is opened. This can be said less rigorously as "the cat observes itself" or "the environment observes the cat".

Objective collapse theory requires some modifications to standard quantum mechanics to allow the destruction of superposition states to be allowed in the course of time evolution.

These are all clichés of Schrödinger's time.

In fact, the reality of the wave function collapse has not been completely determined; Scientists have been debating whether wave function collapse is one of the natural phenomena of the world, or whether it is just part of a phenomenon, such as a subsidiary phenomenon of quantum decoherence. In recent years, quantum decoherence has replaced wave function collapse as a more popular theory among quantum physicists.

Do you know what Schrödinger cat means? Chinese scientists tell about the wonders of this cat.

Schrödinger's cat was a thought experiment by the famous Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger (12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), in which a cat was kept in an airtight container with small amounts of radium and cyanide. There is a chance that radium will decay, if radium decays, it will trigger a mechanism to smash the bottle containing cyanide, and the cat will die; If radium does not decay, the cat survives.

According to the theory of quantum mechanics, since radioactive radium is in a superposition of decay and non-decay, cats should be in a superposition of dead and live cats. This cat, which is both dead and alive, is the so-called "Schrödinger cat". However, it is impossible to have a cat that is both dead and alive, and the result must be known only after the container is opened [1] This experiment attempts to explain the problem of the principle of quantum superposition at the microscopic scale from the macroscopic scale, and cleverly connects the existence form of the microscopic matter as a particle or a wave after observation with the macroscopic cat, so as to verify the quantum existence form when the observation intervenes.

With the development of quantum physics, Schrödinger's cat also extended physical problems and philosophical controversies such as parallel universes.

Schrödinger's cat refers to the fact that in this confined space, it is impossible to determine whether the cat is dead or alive, and it must be opened to know. So in the case of uncertainty whether the cat is dead or alive, the cat can be both alive and dead.

This is the law of indeterminacy, and no one knows whether it is dead or alive until it is opened.

Schrödinger's cat is a metaphor for a thing that if you don't do it, it may have two outcomes, and once you do it, there can only be one end result, and your participation directly intervenes in the outcome.

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment proposed by the famous Austrian physicist Schrödinger, which involves keeping a cat in an airtight container with a small amount of radium and cyanide.

There is a chance that radium will decay, if radium decays, it will trigger a mechanism to smash the bottle containing cyanide, and the cat will die; If the radium does not decay, the cat survives. According to the theory of quantum mechanics, since radioactive radium is in the superposition of decay and decay, cats should be in the superposition of dead cats and live cats. This cat, which is both dead and alive, is the so-called "Schrödinger cat".

However, it is impossible to have a cat that is both dead and alive, and the result will not be known until the container is opened.

Schrödinger's cat meaning

In life, Schrödinger's cat refers to the certainty and uncertainty of things, that is, the two sides of things. For example, I am going to do a thing on the track, and this thing is half successful and half of the failure'Possibility, in this case it can be assumed that this is Schrödinger's cat. In addition, if you toss a coin into the sky, you don't know if it will end up with heads or tails, both of which are half likely.

Until you open your hand, the coin is in the state of Schrödinger's cat.

This kind of uncertain thing is still relatively common in life, and it is not so rare, and Schrödinger's cat can be regarded as a more interesting and reasonable way to describe it. There are even people who extend this to a certain extent, and finally get Schrödinger's sister method.