Why most advanced fighters are twin tailed

The point is that in the case of supersonic speeds, the vertical tail efficiency is reduced due to the shock effect of the fuselage.

The solution is either a high tail or a double tail. This is an aerodynamic problem encountered when flying supersonic aircraft.

It's just a theory here, it's not easy to understand, the landlord wants to understand more thoroughly to fold a paper airplane, it's better to be a little bigger and lighter, you can glide slowly, and then the vertical tail is slightly deflected left and right in the gliding experiment, and finally cut off, through many comparisons of the landlord is easier to understand.

The function of the vertical tail is to stand upright on the tail of the aircraft with the airflow to maintain the heading balance, stability and heading maneuvering surface.

The function of the vertical tail is to keep the turn in a non-slip state; Keep the nose of the aircraft aligned with the runway when landing in crosswinds; Balance asymmetrical yaw moment in flight (e.g., yaw moment caused by the shutdown of one of the multiple engines). It is used to maintain the stability of the aircraft in flight and control the flight attitude of the aircraft. The difference is that the vertical tail is to make the aircraft have a certain static stability in the left and right (yaw) direction, and control the movement of the aircraft in the left and right (yaw) direction.

The main thing is to stabilize the course and the role of the rudder.

It should be the P38 Lightning fighter of the American company Lockheed, which not only has a double vertical tail, but also a three-fuselage structure! Design began in 1936 and the first prototype left the factory in 1939!!

British jet fighter "Vampire".

The DH 100 Vampire is the first British single-engine light fighter developed by de Havilland, and the second British jet fighter to be put into practical use (the first is the Meteor), with more than 3,500 aircraft produced (including imitations).

The Vampire is a double-tail brace structure, so it has to use a double vertical tail, and it began to equip the troops in 45 years, and the French CM-170 "Teacher" light trainer attack aircraft began to be equipped with tail in the 50s, which is a pair of V-shaped, both vertical and horizontal, and I am afraid that it is the world's first V-shaped jet with a tail.

As the name suggests, the horizontal tail is the tail in the horizontal direction, and the vertical tail.

A wing is a tail in the vertical direction.

With the continuous development of fighters, cambered vertical tails (such as F-22, F-35, etc.) began to appear in double vertical tail fighters, although they are no longer vertical, but they are still called vertical tails (also called V-tails). Both the horizontal and vertical tails are generally made up of two parts: a fixed stabilizer and a hinged rudder surface.

The fixed stabilizer is mainly responsible for stabilizing the aircraft, while the movable rudder surface is responsible for controlling the aircraft's flight attitude (e.g., turn, pitch). As shown in the picture, you can clearly see the vertical tail of the J-10, with a vertical stabilizer in the front and a rudder that can be steered and deflectioned in the tail.

The full-motion vertical tail integrates the original stabilizer and rudder surface, that is, there is only one side of the entire vertical tail, which has the stability function of the stabilizer surface, and also has the adjustment function of the rudder surface (the whole surface is movable), as shown in the figure of J-20 vertical tail compared with T-50 and F-22.

Because the full-motion vertical tail has to take into account the function of stability and rudder surface, the requirements for the flight control system are much higher than those of the ordinary vertical tail. In addition, because the V-tail is cambered, it has a certain horizontal tail function (like the YF-23 is without a horizontal tail), so the flight control system also needs to consider the influence of the horizontal direction, which will be much more complicated.

Regarding the vertical tail of the J-20, I often see people say "differential vertical tail", by the way, the rudder control of the general double vertical tail aircraft is synchronized, for example, the aircraft wants to turn to the left, and the rudder surfaces of the two vertical tails turn to the left at the same time. The differential vertical tail refers to the action between the two vertical tails can be inconsistent, such as one bias, the other deviation, of course, the rudder surface of the two vertical tails can also be one to the left and one to the right, such as one deviation, the other deviation can be used as the function of the speed brake), this is the differential. The differential can be either full (e.g., J-20) or non-full (e.g., F-22).

To add that safety, the safety performance of a twin-engine fighter is stronger than that of a single-engine fighter. This is especially important for sea-based fighters.

If the engine of a single-engine fighter is damaged, the pilot may need to parachute hundreds of kilometers away from the aircraft carrier, and rescue is very difficult. And the double engine is more insurable, and the pilot can parachute closer to the aircraft carrier.

For countries with aircraft carriers, the importance of the pilot is much greater than the value of the aircraft itself.

As for the future carrier-based aircraft of the F35, it is single-engine (the earliest US Navy requirement is to be equipped with twin-engine fighters, but the cost of twin-engine fighters is more expensive, and at the same time it needs to be redeveloped, so it was forced to cancel) mainly due to the lack of money and the fact that the United States estimates that there are almost no enemies that can pose danger to the F35 in the future (the advanced fighters of Russia and China are excluded here, considering that the United States will not directly provoke a head-on confrontation with Russia and China, and China and Russia will not risk a head-on conflict with the United States). So the US Navy used a single-engine F35.

Even if the US F-35 encounters a Russian-made fighter that is used by other countries in the future, the F35 can completely attack beyond the horizon through information superiority and then evacuate safely. There is no need to fight in the air to shoot down the opponent.

Inference, acceleration.

It is difficult to break the sound barrier with a single shot, where does the high speed come from?

As for mobility, it should be affected,

A lot, high thrust, good maneuverability, long range, large bomb load, etc.

The double vertical tail has an advantage in aerodynamics, because it avoids the obstruction of the fuselage, it effectively improves the aerodynamic efficiency of the vertical tail ,..It is mainly the operational requirements that lead to the difference in design. 1. The design of single hair and single vertical tail is simple and the cost is low, but.

Thrust is second, the most important thing is that the safety of the pilot is guaranteed, there are dangers in the air, the most important thing is to stop in the air, that is, the engine fails, the instantaneous thrust can not meet the flight requirements, at this time it will crash if it is not handled well, if the double engine stops, there is another one that can work, and can ensure that the failed one is re-ignited.

Bomb load, safety, range, and the rest do not have an advantage over a single shot.

Keeping the aircraft moving in a straight line during flight can also control the direction of the plane's left and right turns.

The vertical tail is composed of a fixed vertical stabilizer and a movable rudder, which mainly plays the role of directional stability and directional maneuvering on the aircraft. The vertical tail is referred to as the vertical tail or vertical tail. According to the number of vertical tails, aircraft can be divided into single vertical tail, double vertical tail, triple vertical tail and quadruple vertical tail aircraft.

When the horizontal attitude is controlled, the aircraft is turned to the left and right.

Stable flight is a great effect when turning.

The world's first aircraft, the Kitty Eagle Gang, was a double vertical tail!!

The twin vertical tail fighters that are still in service in the US military now include the F15 "Eagle", the F18 "Super Hornet", and the F22 "Raptor", which are very different from each other, the vertical tail of the F15 is vertical, the vertical tail of the F18 is V-shaped, and the engine nozzle of the F22 is rectangular.

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Du Niang said that the ** content I submitted was illegal (Khan) lz encyclopedia.