What is propolis and what is propolis

Propolis is a natural resource that consists mainly of resin collected from plants by bees, which contains bee secretions as well as natural gelatinous solids. The nutritional value of this substance is very high, and it can play a role in anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving and emollient skin, so propolis is also often used in health care products or**. During use, you should pay attention to adjust your diet and avoid spicy food and greasy food.

<> propolis is a traditional natural medicine, which is a viscous solid gelatinous substance formed by mixing the plant resin collected by worker bees with secretions such as the upper jaw gland and wax gland, which is in the shape of clumps or irregular fragments, brownish-yellow, blue-green, tan, brown-red or dark brown, and the surface or section is shiny.

1. What is propolis

1. Propolis is a traditional natural medicine, the application history in Europe has been more than 2000 years, it is a viscous solid gelatinous substance mixed with the plant resin collected by the worker bees and its palate glands, wax glands and other secretions, and the "dew beehive" recorded in the "Shennong Materia Medica" is the main ingredient of beeswax, propolis (resin) and hive oil.

2. Propolis is lumpy or irregular pieces, brownish-yellow, blue-green, tan, brown-red or dark brown, the surface or section is shiny, 20-40 will gradually become soft, sticky and plastic, 20 or less gradually hardened, brittle, slightly bitter, slightly astringent, spicy and slightly numb, aromatic. Generally speaking, the total flavonoid content of propolis is less than 11% for low-quality propolis, 11%-14% for qualified propolis, 14%-17% for high-grade propolis, and more than 17% for high-quality propolis.

2. Identification methods of propolis

1. Take an appropriate amount of propolis and place it on the slide, heat it with a flame until it melts and there is light smoke, smell the aroma of resin milk, and after cooling, there will be yellow or light yellow wax around the dark resinous substance.

2. Take propolis powder, add 20ml of methanol, sonicate for 20 minutes, after filtration, take the filtrate as the test solution, take the propolis control medicinal materials, and use the same method to make the control medicinal material solution, and then take the galangin reference substance, chrysin reference substance and joscindin reference substance, and add methanol to make a mixed solution containing 1mg per 1ml as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, 1 L of each of the above three solutions was absorbed, and they were respectively dotted on the same high-efficiency silica gel G thin layer plate, and toluene-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid (10:3:

As an agent, it was taken out to dry, sprayed with aluminum chloride ethanol test solution, dried with hot air, and then inspected under ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatography of the test sample, fluorescent spots of the same color should be displayed at the position corresponding to the chromatography of the reference substance and the chromatography of the control medicinal materials.

Propolis is a gelatinous solid substance with an aromatic odor and stickiness formed by bees collecting resin from young plant shoots and mixing them with secretions from the upper jaw glands of bees, a small amount of pollen, and beeswax (Coloring 23, 24).

Small information: The common gum-derived plants in China include most tree species in the family Salixaceae, Pinaceae, Birchaceae, Cypress and Sumacaceae, as well as peaches, plums, apricots, chestnuts, rubber, eucalyptus and sunflowers. The bees also collect the gum particles on the vitex, the color is gray, the aroma is light, the composition is unknown, the quality is poor, and the local area is also called ground gum.

The substance formed by the artificial collection of poplar buds and poplar leaves from poplar trees through pressing and alcohol extraction is called artificial poplar gum.

The total flavonoid content in poplar, pine and birch propolis in China is more than 5% higher than that of Brazilian propolis, and the anti-cancer substance phenylethyl caffeic acid contained in Brazilian propolis is not there, and the volatile oil contained in it is 2% lower than that of Brazilian propolis.

Propolis is a sticky solid.

Propolis is a viscous solid with aromatic odor formed by the resin-like substance collected by bee worker bees from the apical buds and exudate of plants, mixed with beeswax and bee maxillary gland secretions. The composition of propolis varies depending on geography and plant**, and more than 400 chemical components have been isolated from propolis.

Propolis is an effective substance used by bees to maintain the health of the whole colony, and a colony of 5-60,000 bees can only produce 70-110 grams of propolis a year, which is known as "purple**". The production period is mostly summer and autumn, and the gum source plants in China are roughly birch, willow, pine, cypress and most tree species in the sumac family, as well as peach, plum, apricot, chestnut, rubber, eucalyptus and sunflower.

Application of propolis in aquaculture

Different doses of propolis were added to the feed of freshwater crayfish in the chain segment, and it was found that propolis could improve the reproductive ability of crayfish, increase the number of eggs laid and increase the amount of silver quality of eggs, and the feed containing propolis could reduce the oxidative stress of crayfish during the breeding process. Similarly, different doses of propolis were added to the feed of tilapia, and then the changes in individual health indicators before and after bacterial invasion in the control group and the experimental group were studied.

Experiments have found that propolis has good antibacterial ability in vitro, but it cannot improve the antibacterial ability of tilapia by adding it to feed. The addition of propolis and other polyphenols to carp bait has been found to slightly reduce white spot disease in carp, but it does not prevent outbreaks of white spot disease in fish populations.