Muqam art is folk art from where it is?

Muqam art, known as the encyclopedia of the history and social life of the Uygur people in Xinjiang, is an integral part of the diverse culture of the Chinese nation, which uses various languages and art forms such as literature, dance, and drama to express the gorgeous life and noble sentiments of the Uygur people. 19th century, this set"Maqam"It was gradually reduced to a twelve-part suite, each of which lasted about two hours, hence the name"Twelve maqams"。The twelve sets of songs are:

Rak, Kibyat, Mushavelek, Charga, Panjiga, Uzhal, Aijiem, Usak, Bayati, Nava, Siga, Iraq. The instruments that accompany the maqam are sattar, danbul, rewapu, dapu, dutar, etc. Uyghur, 2005"Twelve maqams"It is inscribed on the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the United Nations; In 2006, the 12 maqams were approved to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art is a large-scale comprehensive classical art form integrating song, dance and music, and is the general name of "Twelve Muqam" and "Daolang Muqam", "Turpan Muqam" and "Hami Muqam" in various Uygur inhabited areas in Xinjiang, mainly distributed in the Uygur inhabited areas of southern Xinjiang, northern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang, and is also widely spread in large, medium and small towns such as Urumqi. In particular, the "Twelve Muqams", which are the main representatives of Uygur Muqam, are widely spread in the southern Xinjiang region of Xinjiang and the Ili region of northern Xinjiang.

Xinjiang Muqam is a general name for the Muqam that circulates in the whole region of Xinjiang, and is divided into "Twelve Muqam", "Hami Muqam", "Daolang Muqam", and "Turpan Muqam" due to different regions and styles, among which the "Twelve Muqam" composed of 12 sets of large-scale songs (Muqam) is an outstanding representative, mainly spread in the southern Xinjiang region and the Ili region of northern Xinjiang. Each maqam consists of three parts: "Jonnai Eman" (Daqu), "Dastan" (folk narrative poem) and "Messirev" (general term for folk song and dance entertainment). Each section is made up of four main melodies and a number of variations.

The story of maqam art? Xinjiang Muqam is a general name for the Muqam that circulates in the whole region of Xinjiang, and is divided into "Twelve Muqam", "Hami Muqam", "Daolang Muqam", and "Turpan Muqam" due to different regions and styles, among which the "Twelve Muqam" composed of 12 sets of large-scale songs (Muqam) is an outstanding representative, mainly spread in the southern Xinjiang region and the Ili region of northern Xinjiang. Each maqam consists of three parts: "Jonnai Eman" (Daqu), "Dastan" (folk narrative poem) and "Messirev" (general term for folk song and dance entertainment).

Each section is made up of four main melodies and a number of variations.

Muqa is a Uyghur.

The Uygur classical 12 muqam, is the Uygur people to the Chinese nation's splendid culture made a major contribution, it uses the use of literature, dance, drama and other languages and art forms to express the Uygur people's gorgeous life and noble sentiments, reflecting their ideals and pursuits and the joys, sorrows and sorrows produced under the historical conditions at that time.

She combines tradition, performance, literature and art, drama and dance, and has the characteristics of a combination of lyricism and narrative. This form is unique in the art history of all nations in the world and can be called a must. The history of Muqam is long and the background is broad and far-reaching, and it has developed in tandem with the historical era of the Uyghur people.

Although there are many tribes belonging to the category of Uygur and a vast area, its ** culture also has the characteristics of multiple levels and multiple sources.

Introduction to the maqam rock

The origin of the 12 muqams, from the perspective of the times and regional factors, there are two main points, one is the suite of songs and songs developed on the basis of the tradition that has been handed down from ancient times; The second is the local **, namely Kuqa, Kashgar, Turpan, Hami and Hotan** and Daolang**. This kind of era and regional factors are intertwined and infiltrated into one, forming a national tonal characteristic that arises from the Uygur people's way of life, national characteristics, moral concepts, and psychological quality.

What is the meaning of the maqam in terms of nomenclature, it only means the special name of a certain classical ** suite that has been regularized. The 12 Uyghur maqams include Lak, Jibiat, Mushavelek, Qarga, Panjiga, Uzhal, Aijiem, Ushak, Bayati, Nava, Siga, and Yilak.

The southern Xinjiang muqam refers to the muqam that circulates in Kashgar, Hotan, and Aksu in the southern part of Xinjiang, and its representatives are twelve muqam. Twelve maqams, each set of 20 to 30 pieces, including three parts, Jongnai Eman, Dastan and Messirev, all of which take more than 20 hours to sing. Twelve Muqam is a form of inheritance passed down from master to apprentice, oral transmission, in 1950, the Ministry of Culture sent ** Wan Tongshu, Liu Chi and other ** families to compose"Twelve Muqam finishing working groups"began the arduous excavation and sorting work; It took nearly 6 years to complete the score and lyrics.

In 1960, the "Twelve Muqams" was officially published, including more than 340 classical recitation songs, folk narrative songs, dance songs, and improvisational music. "Twelve Muqam" is not a ** work in the general sense, the social and cultural environment of its creation, the rich resources contained in the content, the theory and practice of the form of the servant and the entire creative process, all make us clearly see that "Twelve Muqam" is a classic work that condenses the knowledge, wisdom and skills of its creators, and is a veritable court classic. It is the crystallization of science and technology, and the product of humanities and history, which is the intrinsic value and cultural status that "Twelve Muqam" should enjoy.

The southern Xinjiang muqam is the first form of expression of Uyghur poetry. Each maqam is full of fun and vitality with classical poems that are timeless, rich in content, colorful, catchy, light-hearted, and easy to sing, as well as grazelle (double lines) and folk songs. In particular, the most charming Ge Ge in Uyghur poetry, Hezele's ten middle school and eight metrics, make the maqam music appear novel and chic.

The first maqam of the twelve maqams is divided into three parts: Da Naeman, Dastan and Messirev; Each section is made up of four main melodies and a number of variations. Each piece of music is not only an organic part of the main theme of the maqam, but also an independent piece with harmonic characteristics.

"Daolang Muqam", "Turpan Muqam", "Hami Muqam", "Twelve Muqam", etc.