At what level has China s science and technology reached?

As long as human beings cherish their own living environment, rationally and rationally develop and utilize the precious wealth given to mankind by nature; As long as human beings can rationally use their own wisdom to protect their own living environment, take natural resources without requires, and destroy nature's self-balance and repair ability, the development of human science and technology will inevitably promote the progress of mankind, and it will be possible to survive by virtue of its own wisdom and continuous development of scientific theories, science and technology.

Mankind cannot rely on modern scientific theories and technologies to survive. Human beings rely on modern scientific theories and technologies to greatly extend their lifespan, but it is impossible to achieve eternal life. Because all living things exist in violation of the second thermodynamic law, the existence of each organism requires a certain amount of energy from the outside world, and according to the entropy theory, the ultimate goal of the universe is heat death, the energy difference disappears, and the organism cannot obtain energy from the outside world.

How much human beings can survive depends entirely on the earth, which in turn depends on the sun, and science and technology do not work. Scientific theories have been reached, science and technology have not yet been completed. Science and technology are the real primary productive forces!

With today's science and technology alone, it is impossible for mankind to survive forever. Although mankind has made great achievements in the field of science and technology, it is a very complex question to survive forever. Human beings have high requirements for the natural environment, and there is no suitable environment for human existence on the planet other than the earth.

Human beings are insignificant in the universe and dust, and on the earth they are only one of the species of organisms that parasitize on the earth. And life on Earth, left"Sunlight, water, oxygen"The three elements will not exist. Don't say whether there are such conditions in the universe, even if there are current technological conditions, they are neither discovered nor reachable, just think about it.

Only with imagination can there be life, and only with imagination can there be meaning of life!

At present, scientific theories and technologies have reached a bottleneck. Because science and technology can only meet the needs of the current society, the world is developing and progressing, and with the continuous emergence of new things, new contradictions will arise, and new skills and new scientific ideas are needed to solve them.

At present, most of the science and technology have reached the world's leading level, which is already a very high level, and some are still developing and still working hard.

China's science and technology has reached a ceiling level, because China's science and technology are really developing very fast, and they have broken through the boundaries.

It has reached a very high level, because China is now very developed in science and technology, and there are many talents.

According to the current science and technology, China belongs to the middle and high-end level, but the level is not high.

1. Background.

China's economy ranks second in the world, and 75% of its major industrial and agricultural products rank first in the world. However, the quality of China's economic growth is not high, the output value of the "three highs" of low technology is relatively large, the real estate market is abnormal, and the phenomenon of land sales and financial management is relatively common. The economic structure is unreasonable, and the proportion of manufacturing is too large, which causes great consumption and pollution to resources and the environment, which is more noteworthy.

However, since 2006, the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country have reached a consensus on scientific development, and China's economic structure is undergoing profound adjustments. China's high technology has a place in the world. China's overall scientific and technological strength ranks fourth in the world.

Ranked 24th in the world in innovation. Ranked 21st in the world in R&D capabilities. China has made a number of world-class achievements in the development and application of new energy, manned spaceflight and space technology, high-performance computers and biotechnology.

Second, China's basic scientific research is a short board, affecting the improvement of China's scientific and technological level.

China's basic scientific research is a shortcoming, and its basic R&D capability ranks 35th in the world. There is a lack of independent innovation in the industry. China relies on imports for many high-tech and cutting-edge industrial products, such as high-precision CNC machine tools.

Dependence on imports, which reached 85 per cent in 2005, must now be around 70 per cent. In view of the great importance that the party and state leaders attach to scientific and technological research and development, China's current research and development expenditure accounts for about half of GDP. There will be more to come.

Third, we believe that China's scientific and technological strength will make a qualitative leap in the next decade. China is working on it!

We believe that China's scientific and technological strength will make a qualitative leap in the next ten years, but China needs to continuously improve its scientific and technological innovation capabilities and national innovation awareness, as well as increase investment in scientific research. Only in this way can China's scientific and technological level become higher and higher, and gradually become a scientific and technological power, benefiting the people. Therefore, China still needs to work hard!

China, which has ranked second in the world in terms of nature since 2003, is now more than 70 percent of that of the United States, and Germany, which ranks third, is less than a third of China's. In general, China is about equal to the sum of all Europe.

The number of the world's top 1% of citations is the first in the United States and the second in China; 10%**, China first, the United States second.

China and the United States together account for about half of the world's total, and the rest of the countries add up to about half. In the field of science and technology, to be clear, it is China, the United States, and foreign countries.

China does have many deficiencies in subdivisions, for example, in 2017, the "Science and Technology Daily" detailed 35 "stuck neck" projects in China. The weaknesses that we can now list are within these 35 items. However, you must know that there are thousands of industrial categories in the world, and the vast majority of these thousands of projects in China are world-class.

When the Soviet Union just collapsed, Russian experts once counted that more than 50 projects in Russia were world-class at that time, and 19 of the world's top projects seemed to be among the best. However, there are currently 85 projects that China has banned from exporting.

Recently, the issue of environmental protection has been very hot. Note, however, that the situation within the energy sector is:

75% of the world's ultra-supercritical steam units are in China, and the world's most advanced ultra-supercritical secondary heat recovery is in China; The world's first internal combustion engine with a thermal efficiency of more than 50% is in China; China's hydropower units are beating the world; China's photovoltaic and wind power are beating the world; The world's third-generation nuclear reactors were first commercially available in China; China is the only country in the world that has opened the entire technical route of fourth-generation nuclear reactors; The world's nuclear fusion field is currently international cooperation + China; UHV transmission in China. To put it simply, in the power industry, except for gas turbines, China is currently at the world's top or world's top level in all major technology branches.

I saw some netizens talking about China's real estate problems, so I will say one more thing: China's real estate accounts for an unusually low proportion of the national economy. The rest of the world typically has a real estate share of GDP that is about three times that of China.

It belongs to a very advanced level, because the development speed of science and technology in our country is very fast, the quality of the product quantity is relatively high, and the configuration of the product is relatively high.

China already belongs to an advanced level, because China's scientific and technological development is very rapid, and has far surpassed many developed countries.

According to the current science and technology, China's upper and middle reaches are at the level.

Science and technology in our country is now a particularly high level, and there is also a particularly good development, which has been recognized by many people, and many very good things have been researched.

Science and technology are different in function, which is mainly manifested in: different purposes and tasks, different research contents, different research results and evaluation criteria, different development processes, different productive forces, property scientific research activities are to create knowledge, and the problems it solves are mainly to understand the world"What it is"with"Why"；Technology, on the other hand, is the operation of the methods, skills and corresponding material means of invention and creation. The answer is"What to do"with"How to do it"。

Science is the activity of discovering and exploring the unknown, and it has the nature of free exploration; Technology is the activity of inventing and combining various knowledge to create and practice. Science primarily creates knowledge; Technology is different, in addition to the form of knowledge, it also has a certain material form.

The purpose and task are different. Section.

The purpose of <> science is to understand nature, and its task is to reveal natural phenomena.

The essence and laws of the law, the point is"What it is"with"Why"problems. Scientific achievements have increased the theoretical knowledge of mankind and improved the spiritual civilization of society. The purpose of technology is to transform the world. Its task is to take advantage of the laws of nature.

Control nature, realize artificial nature, and coordinate the relationship between man and nature. The focus of technology is:"What to do"with"How to do it"problems. Its achievements have increased the material wealth of mankind and raised the material civilization of society.

The content of the study is different. Scientific research is the exploration of unknown areas, and its research topics generally come from the contradictions between observed facts and original theories, or new problems and contradictions discovered in scientific research. However, technology generally has a clear practical goal, and its research topics are basically various practical problems that need to be solved in engineering construction and production, or the improvement and perfection of existing technologies.

Technology is more practical and socially oriented than science.

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The purpose is different, the focus of science is on the question of why, and then the law of objective facts and causality are explained; However, technology focuses on the process of how to do it, and pursues the final utilitarianism; The tasks of the two are different, science will reveal the objective laws of things, but technology is the productive force.

It is mainly reflected in the difference between means, methods, effects, applied knowledge, and fields, all of which are very significant.

The direction of research is different, the grasp of the situation is different, the application is different, science lies in breakthroughs, and technology lies in perfection.

Science came to the front of technology in the era of the emergence of the electric power industry.

The power industry converts primary energy sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear fuel, hydropower, marine energy, wind energy, solar energy, and biomass energy into electrical energy through power generation facilities, and then supplies users as energy through transmission, transformation and distribution systems. An industrial sector that produces, transmits, and distributes electrical energy. Including power generation, transmission, Wuqiao substation, distribution and other links.

The production process and consumption process of electric energy are carried out at the same time, which can neither be interrupted nor stored, and need to be uniformly dispatched and distributed. The electric power industry provides basic power for industry and other sectors of the national economy, and then a number of large and medium-sized hydropower stations are built in areas where conditions are met, which is the leading sector of national economic development.

The power industry mainly consists of five production links. power generation, including thermal power, hydropower, nuclear and other energy generation; power transmission, including AC and DC; power substation; Power distribution; Electricity consumption includes the installation, use and control of electrical load, as well as the power system that connects the equipment existing in these five links.

In addition, it also includes planning, survey, design and construction and other electric power infrastructure, electric power science and technology research and electric power machinery and equipment manufacturing. By the end of 1984 and the end of 1985, the thermal power generating units with a single capacity of more than 100,000 kilowatts had reached 30.94 million kilowatts, and the thermal power generating units with a single capacity of 600,000 kilowatts had begun to operate.

Outlook for the power industry:

The rapid development of the national economy has greatly promoted the rapid development of China's power industry, and safety, economy, low pollution and water saving are the requirements for the development of China's power industry in the new era.

Under the current circumstances, China should increase the proportion of electricity in the final energy consumption, reduce the use of coal as a terminal energy, and gradually optimize the energy structure of power generation, that is, optimize thermal power generation, vigorously develop hydropower, appropriately and actively build nuclear power, actively develop and apply new energy sources such as wind energy, tidal energy, and solar energy, realize the diversification of power generation energy, and catch up with and surpass the international advanced level.

I think there are four things:

1.Mobile phones: Before the advent of smartphones, many people may have thought that mobile phones were just a simple communication tool and did not have much use.

However, today's smartphones can not only be used to make ** and send text messages, but also Chi Xiaola can browse the web, play games, take pictures, listen **, pay and so on. Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of people's lives.

2.Internet: Before the advent of the Internet, many people may have thought that it was just a tool for academic communication and had little impact on public life.

However, today's Internet has become an important platform for people to obtain information, communicate, shop and entertain. People are already inseparable from the Internet.

3.Social**: Before the advent of social**, many people may have thought that it was just a virtual way to socialize, and it had no real meaning for relationships.

However, today's social networking has become an important tool for people to share information, build social networks, and understand social dynamics in their daily lives. A lot of people can't live without socializing**.

4.Digital life: With the development of digital technology, many people may think that humans have distanced themselves from nature and become overly dependent on technology.

However, digital life has become a necessary means for people to access information, work, entertainment and leisure. Many people are already inseparable from digital life.

In short, with the continuous development of technology and social code skating, people's perceptions and perceptions of many things may change. A lot of things that were once looked down upon or understood may become more and more important over time.