The humanistic connotation of Taoism, the representative figures and thoughts of Taoism

Taoism. The representative figures are Laozi, Zhuangzi and Liezi.

1.Lao Tzu: The surname is Li Ming'er, the word Dan, the word Boyang.

Or Zhen Boyang. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the year of birth and death is unknown, an ancient Chinese thinker, philosopher, writer and historian, the founder and main representative of Taoism. Laozi's thought has had a profound impact on the development of Chinese philosophy, and its core is simple dialectics.

Politically, Lao Tzu advocated the rule of inaction and the absence of words. In terms of skill and technology, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that the extreme of things must be opposed.

2.Zhuangzi: Thinker, philosopher, and writer in the middle of the Warring States period. The surname is Zhuang, the surname is Zhou, and he is a native of the Song Dynasty. His ancestor was the monarch of the Song Dynasty, the Duke of the Song Dynasty. He founded an important philosophical school in China, Zhuangxue, and was a Warring States Taoist after Laozi.

representatives. Together with Lao Tzu, he is known as Lao Zhuang. Zhuangzi was the first to put forward the idea of "inner sage and outer king", which had a profound impact on Confucianism. His "three tones" thought is similar to the Book of Changes

The "three talents" in are consistent.

3. Liezi: surname Lie, name in the mouth, a native of Putian, Zhengguo (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province). Ancient books also write Lieyukou, Lieyukou or Ziliezi, who was born at the same time as Zheng Mugong in the period of King Weilie of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

He was a philosopher, thinker, writer, and representative of Taoism during the Warring States period. He cultivated all his life and studied under Guan Yinzi, Huqiuzi, Lao Shangshi, Zhibo Gaozi, etc.

1. Lao Tzu (about 600 BC - about 470 BC): the founder of the Taoist school, advocating "self-transformation of non-action, quiet and self-righteousness", and his representative work is "Tao Te Ching".

2. Zhuangzi (369-286 BC): Called "Lao Zhuang" together with Lao Tzu. He advocates respecting nature, living at ease, and "communicating with the spirit of heaven and earth alone, rather than turning a blind eye to all things". The representative work is "Zhuangzi".

3. Yang Zhu: advocate "noble life", "value yourself", and "be for me". His famous saying is: "Lose a little to benefit the world, not with it; Serve the world and don't take it. No one loses a single bit, everyone is not good for the world, and the world is governed. ”

4. Tian Piao: advocated "Guiqi", "Shundao", "Mingfen", and "Ligong", and his works have been lost.

5. Caution (c. 395-315 B.C.): advocating "following the law", "upholding the law", and "emphasizing the situation". "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" recorded 42 articles of "Shenzi", listed as a lawyer, and only 7 fragments exist.

He famously said, "Wisdom is not enough to convince the people, but power is enough to conquer the people." ”

6. Song Yu (c. 370 BC-291 BC): advocated "advocating frugality", "non-fighting", and "don't be". There were eighteen articles of "Song Tzu", but now they are also lost, and only the compilation remains.

7. Yin Wen (c. 360-280 BC): Opposition to annexation wars between princes. He believed that "Tao" was "qi", and clearly put forward the theory of essence.

The rationality and inevitability of the social division of labor are demonstrated. Other claims are similar to those of Song Yu. There is now a volume of "Yin Wenzi".

8. Ji Kang (224 263): advocated "teaching beyond the name and letting nature go", "judging the noble and the lowly and understanding the situation", and was the spiritual leader of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest".

9. Wang Bi: Emphasizing the distinction between body and use, the difference between there and none, advocating the spirit of "noble and none", and annotating the "Book of Changes" on this principle, the research direction of the Book of Changes has been directed to pure metaphysical thought, and the history of Chinese Yi Studies has moved towards a new situation.

10. Guo Xiang (c. 252-312): inherited some of Xiang Xiu's views, opposed the view that there is birth from nothing, and advocated the "theory of independence", believing that everything in the world has a relationship of "self-cause and cause", and as long as they follow their own suitability, they can reach the ideal "realm of the Xuan Netherworld".

The main contents of Taoist culture are:Taoism advocates "going with the flow" and believes that when the law is to be used (the law is different from the law; Law is like physics, and law is man-made), the avenue has been abandoned. Therefore, there is no simple meaning of morality in society (Chapter 18 of the Tao Te Ching), so it does not advocate the use of law to govern people; Legalists advocate the use of law to punish people, believing that human beings are inherently stubborn and should use authority and fixed laws to govern the world.

There are many conflicts between Taoist and Legalist thoughts.

Although Taoism is different in school, it is the same in terms of its main purpose: it is based on "Tao" and naturally does nothing. The core of Lao Tzu's thought is "Tao", which Lao Tzu once said in his writings:

There are things that are born from nature. Embroidered Miao! Independent and unchanging, circumferential and not dying, can be the mother of heaven and earth.

I don't know its name, but the word is the way. "If there is a small state below a large state, a small state will be taken, and if a small state is below a large state, a large state will be taken." Taoism is the earliest indigenous independent thought in China, which is very different from Dong Zhongshu's Spring and Autumn Unification Thought.

The core of Zhuangzi's thought is "leisure" and "qiwu". He advocates the philosophical idea of "heaven and earth are born together with me, and all things are one with me". Yang Zhu proposed "noble self" and "for me".

Taoist royal cherry blossom noble life, survival, health, despising material honor and ethics, to the soul of leisure, the unity of all things as the most value. When morality and life conflict, Taoists often choose life and "sacrifice righteousness to survive".

The representative of Taoist culture is Lao Tzu.

Taoism, like Confucianism, is a native religion of China, and is born of Chinese culture. After the establishment of Taoism, Lao Tzu was respected as the leader of the sect and obeyed the Tao and virtue.

Taoist culture

Therefore, some scholars say, "Confucianism fears the destiny of heaven, and self-cultivation is in order to be self-sufficient; The Buddha also said that the root of this body is transformed, the karma cannot be escaped, the end of life is endless, Taoism only wants to live forever, change and soar, it does not believe in the destiny of heaven, does not believe in the karmic results, resists nature, and is brave! ”

Taoism teaches in the name of "Tao", and the way of Lao Tzu must be learned, believed, inherited, and carried forward. Or the doctrine of Lao Zhuang, or the cultivation inside and outside, or the art of the word, its doctrine is to take "Tao" and "morality" as the core, that is, all things in heaven and earth have "Tao" and derive, that is, the so-called "one life two, two give birth to three, three give birth to all things", social life should be done in accordance with the law "Tao", and finally return to nature.

Specifically, it is a system of teachings from the four aspects of "heaven", "earth", "man", and "ghost". Heaven refers not only to the real universe, but also to the place where the gods live. The heavenly realm is known as having thirty-six days, there is a heavenly gate in heaven, there is Qionglou Yuyu in it, there are heavenly gods, Tianzun, heavenly emperors, riding heavenly horses, drinking heavenly rivers, serving heavenly soldiers, heavenly generals, and heavenly maidens.

Its followers are the way of heaven. Earth refers not only to the real earth and all things, but also to the hell where ghosts suffer.

Its operation is subject to the tunnel. Human beings refer to both human beings in general and limited individuals. A person's words and deeds should pursue humanity and morality.

Ghost refers to the place where people belong. If a person can cultivate virtue, he can be detached from the yin and get rid of the sea of suffering, and his surname is not recorded in the ghost pass, which is a ghost fairy. Immortals are also the idol embodiment of Taoist doctrine and thought.

Taoism is a polytheistic religion that follows the ancient Chinese belief in the sun, moon, stars, rivers, seas, mountains, and the spirits of ancestors, forming a complex system of gods including heavenly gods, earthly gods, and human ghosts.

Taoism has developed in China for thousands of years, forming its own unique culture. Taoist culture is extremely elegant and popular. Some of them have evolved into folk secularity and become an integral part of the spiritual life of the working masses.

Taoist culture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, and its representatives mainly include the following aspects:1Tao Te Ching:

Tao Te Ching is one of the classics of Taoist culture and is known as the "source of Taoism". Written by Lao Tzu, it is an important work on Taoist philosophy and Taoist practice, and has had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy, culture, and thought. 2.

Lao Tzu: Lao Tzu is one of the representatives of Taoist culture, and he is one of the founders of Taoist philosophy. His book Tao Te Ching is known as one of the classics of Taoist culture and has had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy, culture, and thought.

3.Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi is one of the representatives of Taoist culture, he is a famous philosopher and cultural celebrity in ancient China.

His book Zhuangzi is hailed as one of the classics of Taoist culture and has had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy, culture, and thought. 4.Taoism.

Taoism is one of the representatives of Taoist culture and one of the traditional religions in China. Taoism's emphasis on cultivating inner morality and spirituality, the pursuit of immortality and transcendence from reincarnation, has had a profound impact on Chinese culture and thought. 5.

Feng Shui: Feng Shui is one of the representatives of Taoist culture and is a geographical doctrine in traditional Chinese culture. It emphasizes the harmony between man and the natural environment, as well as the purpose of improving people's fortune and destiny by adjusting the environment, which has had a profound impact on Chinese culture and thought.

These representative contents together constitute the core values and spiritual connotations of Taoist culture, and have had a profound impact on China's macro culture and thought.