What are the typical imaging findings of active tuberculosis?

Active tuberculosis refers to patients with new smear-positive, retreatment-positive and newly smear-negative. Active pulmonary tuberculosis refers to the positive sputum smear, which proves that there is mycobacterium tuberculosis excretion, the lesion belongs to the active stage, and there are often patchy shadows or tuberculosis cavities on the chest x-ray, or disseminated lesions, indicating that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is active and virulent. **Four months, the re-examination of sputum smear and sputum culture is negative, and the chest X-ray shows calcification, fibrosis, induration, etc., indicating that tuberculosis is controlled, and there are no infectious and clinical symptoms.

Inactive means not active tuberculosis. The patient's sputum contains Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which belongs to the active phase of the lesion. Examination on chest x-ray or CT x-ray may have patchy shadows, or tuberculosis cavities or spread lesions, indicating that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is active, virulent and highly infectious.

Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis often have symptoms such as low-grade fever, cough, weight loss, fatigue, poor appetite, and rapid erythrocyte sedimentation rate, infiltrating or bloody disseminated lesions on lung examination, and positive sputum examination for tuberculosis bacteria. Even if the tuberculosis is inactive, it is necessary to insist on completing the course of chemotherapy, because the mycobacteria tuberculosis in the calcification foci have not died, and they may become latent lesions, resulting in **.

Active tuberculosis typically has a dry cautery pneumonia followed by cavities and rodent-like shadows.

Answer]: B Test Center: 1 Pneumococcal pneumonia:

Gram-positive coccal capsules are the causative cause and heal without fibrous scarring; Healthy people without primary disease have a sudden high fever under the inducement, cough up rust-colored sputum, can appear blisterless simplex without rash, there can be ** mucosal bleeding points when there is sepsis, there is no obvious abnormality in the lungs in the early physical examination or only the respiratory sound is weakened and a little crackle at the lesion, there are signs of lung consolidation when the lesion is large, and there are crackles in the dissipation period; The most meaningful test is an X-ray. **Penicillin is preferred, 800,000 U, Q8H, IM, 8 million U for heavy cases, divided intravenous drops, and each dose should be dripped within 1 hour as much as possible. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

2 Clinical manifestations: Symptoms: chills, high fever, cough and sputum, chest pain, dyspnea, and other symptoms.

Signs: signs of lung consolidation, decreased respiratory movement on the affected side, increased tactile tremor, dullness on percussion, decreased or absent breath sounds on auscultation, bronchial breath sounds may be present. 3 Complications:

Septic shock, pleurisy and empyema, myocarditis, extrapulmonary complications. 4**: General** (rest, water, energy).

For reastellation** (antipyretic, oxygen, phlegm, cough, etc.). Antimicrobials**. Septic shock (oxygen cooling, blood volume replacement, correction of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, use of glucocorticoids, use of vasoactive drugs, control of infection, prevention and treatment of cardiorenal insufficiency).

Answer] :d analysis: Tuberculosis is a kind of chronic bigo granuloma caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the typical lesion of the bypass transport is the formation of tuberculous nodules with caseous necrosis, and if the condition deteriorates and turns to infiltration, it will form a cavity, and then form a cold abscess.

Master the knowledge of "basic pathological changes of tuberculosis".

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common chronic infectious disease in the lungs, and the early symptoms are mild such as low-grade fever, fatigue, cough, sputum production, etc., and some patients may have no conscious symptoms, so routine X-ray examination is of great value for the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis bacteria can spread along the bronchi to other lung tissues (bronchial dissemination), enter the bloodstream through the lymphatic vessels and pass through the right heart, and the pulmonary arteries form intrapulmonary hematogenous dissemination, which can directly invade the veins to form systemic hematogenous dissemination, and lesions can also infiltrate into adjacent lung tissues.

Tuberculosis classification:

1.Primary tuberculosis (code: type): Primary tuberculosis is a clinical condition caused by infection with primary tuberculosis. These include primary syndromes and intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis.

2.Hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis (code: type):

This type includes acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis) and subacute, chronic hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. X-ray findings: (1) Primary tuberculosis (code:

Type): Tuberculosis is the first infection, mostly seen in children, the clinical symptoms are not obvious, sometimes low-grade fever in the afternoon, night sweats, body weight loss, cough, etc. Physical examination is usually not positive, such as perilesional exudative or atelectasis, percussion, low breath sounds, or rales.

Primary syndrome: Exudative lesions in the lungs that occur within a few weeks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis invading the lung tissue, called primary lesions, can be surrounded by widespread non-specific perilesions. The primary lesion can spread along the lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes in the lungs, causing lymphangitis and lymphadenitis.

Therefore, the primary syndrome is composed of the primary lesion, lymphangitis and lymphadenitis, which is a typical manifestation of primary tuberculosis.

Intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis: In some primary syndromes, the primary lesion in the lung has been resorbed or fibrosis or the primary lesion is small and cannot be shown on x-ray, and the caseous necrosis in the lymph node is severe, and its healing is slower than that of the primary lesion, or the lesion of the lymph node continues to develop, forming a significant enlargement of the hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes.

2) Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (type): hematogenous spread caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis entering the pulmonary or systemic circulation. It varies depending on the route, quantity, frequency and susceptibility of tuberculosis bacteria infiltrating the blood circulation.

It can be divided into acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and subacute or chronic hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.

Acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by a large number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli invading the blood circulation multiple times in one or a short period of time, causing multiple miliary tuberculosis foci in the whole body. Pulmonary changes are localized manifestations of systemic miliary tuberculosis and are more common in infants and young children. This type of tuberculosis has acute onset, chills, high fever, headache, lethargy, dyspnea and other symptoms, and many patients have hepatosplenomegaly and rapid blood sedimentation rate.

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Primary tuberculosis refers to the first infection of tuberculosis bacilli in the body, which usually occurs in children.

Lesion characteristics: First, the primary lesion in the lungs is formed in the lower part of the upper lobe or the upper part of the lower lobe near the lung membrane where the lung is well ventilated.

Begins exudatively, followed by caseous necrosis.

It quickly invades the lymphatic vessels and reaches the hilar lymph nodes, causing tuberculous lymphangitis and hilar lymphadenopathy and caseous necrosis.

In layman's terms, the first onset of pulmonary tuberculosis is called primary pulmonary tuberculosis (but the first onset here refers to the period when the lesion appears for the first time in the lungs, including the situation in which the patient does not know the onset of the disease but heals on its own), and its characteristics are the same as those commonly known or familiar with pulmonary tuberculosis.

The characteristic lesions of primary tuberculosis are:

Answer] The most common site of pulmonary tuberculosis in :d is the posterior part of the apex of the upper lobe, and the chest x-ray shows a pale patchy shadow above and below the clavicle, and Hu Wei has uneven density. In the early stage of lung abscess, it is characterized by a local dense inflammatory shadow, pus draining through the bronchi, and a round translucent area appearing with a flat and translucent area that reaches the air-fluid level.

Bronchial cystic dilation is characterized by curly opacities that appear as coarse lung textures with multiple irregular annular translucent chain shadows.