What is the use of grape branches, whether the dormant branches of grapes in greenhouses are buried

The function of grape planting in winter is to resist cold and frost, and greenhouse grapes generally do not need to bury branches when dormant in the shed in winter.

It is generally believed that the absolute minimum temperature isotherm of winter-17 is the dividing line between grapes buried in the soil and not buried in the soil for cold protection in winter (overwintering in the open field). The dividing line between winter coverage and non-coverage of grapes in China is roughly from Laizhou in Shandong to Jinan, to Xinxiang in Henan, Jincheng and Linyi in Shanxi, Dali, Jingyang, Qianxian and Baoji in Shaanxi, Tianshui in Gansu, and Pingwu in Sichuan, Malkang and Lijiang in Yunnan in the south.

The vineyards south of this cut-off line are not covered and can be safely wintered; In the area north of this line, the absolute low temperature in winter is between -17 and -21, and it is necessary to bury soil and protect against cold to be lightly covered to safely overwinter. In the area north of the 21st parallel of the lowest temperature in winter, it is necessary to bury soil to protect against the cold in winter. If the grape branches are not properly protected from the cold, the branches will be drained, the buds will be frozen, the bud will be delayed, the yield will be reduced, and the whole plant will die. In areas where it is necessary to bury soil to prevent cold, it is very important to do a good job of overwintering and burying soil.

In the case of overwintering grapes in the greenhouse in winter, there is no need to bury branches to protect against the cold, but it is necessary to ensure that the minimum temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than -15 during the period of grape dormancy. In areas where the lowest temperature in winter is below -15, the grapes should be pruned and fastened in time after the leaves have fallen in autumn, so that the grapes can sleep in the shed for the winter. It is advisable to keep the temperature in the shed between -10 and 7 during the winter dormancy.

Buried soil is cold-proof, frost damage, if it is a greenhouse, do not need to bury the soil.

Grape winter pruning: according to the growth of grape branches, cut off diseased branches, and leave 2 or 3 buds for strong branches.

Buried soil: mainly used for cold protection, the branches did not experience the cold of winter, and the cold resistance was relatively weak. Grapes are grown in alpine regions, and most people use buried soil to survive the winter.

The best way to prune vine branches.

The middle and lower parts of the main and side vine branches have been bare and branchless, and only the top part has good branches to maintain the yield of the tree. In order not to affect the yield of this kind of tree renewal, the bare branches of the middle and lower parts of the old vine can be buried in the nearby soil by bending, and only the upper strong branches are left above the ground, and the new backbone vines are cultivated from the base of the frame according to the suitable tree shape, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the branch position and renewing and rejuvenating the tree. This is an ingenious renewal experience created by growers in the Qingxu grape region of Shanxi Province that does not affect current yields.

If this method can also be combined with the technology of cutting wound plus applying rooting powder and soil fertilization, it can promote the generation of new root system in the branch part of the buried soil, which is more conducive to shortening the distance of nutrient exchange between roots and branches, so as to accelerate the speed and quality of tree regeneration and rejuvenation.

In short, when the vines are weakened due to age and mismanagement, they should be retracted and renewed as soon as possible. No matter what kind of renewal method is adopted, it is necessary to make full use of the favorable conditions of many latent buds, long life, and easy germination of vines. When the new vine grows to a certain size and has a certain fruiting ability, the upper old vine is removed again.

In this way, not only the tree potential recovery is faster, but also has little impact on the yield during the renewal period.

The trellis grapes are mostly pruned by the "keel" method, which can maintain better ventilation and light transmission, strengthen the top advantage, make the tree strong, and achieve the purpose of high quality and stable yield.

First, the main vine retention and cutting.

It is more appropriate to use a single-inclined small scaffold, and the scaffolding is inclined to the south. Munag grapes grow vigorously, according to its characteristics of high temperature and sunlight, the inclination angle is 25-40 degrees, the front frame is about 2 meters high, the rear frame is about 2 meters high, the row spacing is about 6 meters, the plant spacing is meters, the frame width is 4-5 meters, each plant leaves 3-4 main vines, 50-70 seedlings per 667 square meters, the grape receives good sunlight angle, the relative area is large, which is conducive to photosynthesis and ventilation, and is also conducive to mechanized operations such as weeding and fertilization and loosening soil in the shelf, so that the main vines are evenly distributed on the shelf.

Second, the pruning and retention of the fruiting mother branch.

Fruit: The pruning and retention of the mother branches has a direct impact on the quality and yield of the grapes. The retention is large, the plant load is large, the branches and leaves are densely crowded, the light and ventilation are poor, the fruit is small, and the quality is poor; Low retention affects yield. The amount of plants left is determined according to the character and growth of the plant, generally on the first wire of the main vine every 25 cm or so to leave a fruiting branch group, each group to leave 1-2 fruiting mother branches.

When pruning in winter, the height of the main vine should be strictly controlled below the first wire, and the thin, weak and diseased branches should be cut off, including cross branches, and the balance between the front and back of the main vine should be maintained in order to form the maximum fruiting area.

3. The length of the pruning of the fruiting mother branch.

As a result, the pruning of the mother branch is divided into long and short tips, with 2-4 knots left for short tip pruning, about 6 knots left for middle tip pruning, and about 10 knots left for long tip pruning. The length of the leaves is determined according to the character, branch thickness and maturity, pruning form, fertilizer and water conditions and management level. Generally, the seed setting rate of 4-7 nodes is higher, and the seed setting rate of later nodes is poor, so the pruning method based on medium and long tips can be adopted.

The branches germinating on the main vine below the grape trellis are all cut off to facilitate ventilation in the shelf, and the grapes on the main vine under the trellis are exposed to the sun, the fruit surface is dark and rusty, the skin is thick and ugly, the tannin content is high, and the taste is astringent, which affects the overall persimmon of the grapes

Fourth, the result part is moved outward.

For the bald phenomenon of the main vine, a strong branch can be selected from the root sprout leaf in advance to make the preparatory vine for stubbing, and 4-8 nodes can be left for stubbing according to the thickness of the branch.

In the following year, after the long-fruiting mother branch has completed the fruiting task, it can be thinned, and the 2-3 new shoots and the new shoots in the lower position on the preparatory branch are still pruned according to the medium and long shoots, leaving them as the fruiting mother branches. There are still 2-3 new shoots left in the lower position, which are left as preparatory branch pruning, and pruning according to this method in the third year can fix the fruiting part of the branch level and move outward.