What causes congenital heart disease?

Every newborn child, carry the hope of the family, determine the fate of a family, bring happiness to the family, when the pregnant woman is pregnant to do the prenatal checkup, can also hear the baby's healthy heartbeat, the heart is full of happiness, but not everyone has a healthy heart, about every 1000 born children are congenital heart disease.

1. Genetic factors. If a parent, sibling, or sibling of a parent or sibling of a child in a family has congenital heart disease, it is likely that there is a genetic factor, and many congenital heart diseases are caused by the interaction of multiple genes and the environment.

2. Viral infection during pregnancy. If the pregnant mother is infected by the virus in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially at 3 to 8 weeks, the fetus is prone to congenital heart disease, of which rubella virus infection is the most likely to cause congenital heart disease in children, as well as mumps, influenza, coxsackievirus, etc., will cause congenital heart disease in children.

3. Pregnant women have bad habits. If a pregnant woman or husband likes to smoke, the wife inhales second-hand smoke in the air can also cause fetal malformations or cause congenital heart disease in children, and the baby born to the mother who smokes during pregnancy is twice that of the mother who does not smoke, so if the pregnant woman has bad habits such as smoking and drinking, it is likely to affect the fetus.

4. Advanced maternal age. Women are more than 35 years old after the age of motherhood, 50% of the babies born to elderly mothers will suffer from congenital heart disease, women after the age of 35 ovary function will begin to decline, the quality of eggs is not high, it is easy to occur, virtually increase the fetal defect rate.

5. Premature birth. Preterm birth is also an important cause of fetal congenital heart disease, premature babies do not have a strong vasoconstriction response, and babies weighing less than 2500 grams at birth are especially susceptible to congenital heart disease.

Most of the congenital heart disease in children is caused by external reasons, if the pregnant mother is exposed to harmful substances during pregnancy, it may affect the fetus, so the pregnant mother must pay attention to protect her physical health during pregnancy, but also protect the health of the fetus, and prevent the occurrence of congenital heart disease.

It is caused by the factors of the individual's constitution, so congenital heart disease occurs.

It may be caused by family inheritance, cardiovascular dysplasia during fetal development, improper medication during pregnancy, drinking alcohol during pregnancy, smoking, anticipatory mental stress, or marriage between close relatives.

1. Bad habits, pregnant women are fond of smoking or husbands are smoking, and passive smoking by wives can lead to fetal malformations or small congenital heart disease, and the incidence of congenital heart disease in infants is twice that of non-smoking mothers.

2. If a virus-infected woman is infected in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially from three weeks to eight weeks of pregnancy, the fetus is prone to cardiac vascular malformations, among which rubella virus is the main culprit of fetal congenital heart disease, in addition to influenza mumps, coxsackievirus, herpes virus, etc., which are also often the perpetrators of congenital heart disease.

3. High risk factors for congenital heart disease caused by fetal teratogenesis due to consanguineous marriage.

4. Excessive exposure to radioactive substances such as X-ray isotopes in the first trimester of pregnancy.

5. Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus without ** and uncontrolled disease can cause fetal congenital heart disease risk of 2%.

6. Pregnant women who are exposed to teratogenic drugs in the early stages of pregnancy can lead to an increase in the prevalence of fetal heart disease.

7. Have a family history of congenital heart disease.

There are many causes of congenital heart disease, which may be related to the health and nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy, and the mother suffers from viral infections such as rubella, mumps, influenza, etc. in the first 3 months of pregnancy, which may affect the development of the fetus's heart code and large blood vessels, forming congenital heart disease or other malformations at the same time. Endocrine disorders of the mother during pregnancy; Radiation exposure or the effects of other drugs and poisons may also cause fetal cardiovascular malformations. In addition, the environment, familial and genetic factors of hypoxia in the plateau area may also be the cause of the occurrence.

The root cause of pediatric cardiac malformation is still not very clear, but it must be related to the following factors:

1. The development of a certain part of the fetal heart stops at a lower stage, or due to the examination of the process of development, an error of axis rotation occurs in the large collection and arrangement, such as translocation of large vessels.

2. After birth, children still retain a part of the special cardiovascular pathways required during the fetal period, such as patent ductus arteriosus.

3. Maternal diseases often affect fetal development, and if the mother is infected by viruses in the first 3 months of pregnancy, especially the rubella virus, children are prone to heart malformations.

Fourth, the mother takes certain drugs during pregnancy, which can also cause fetal heart malformations.

5. Certain genetic factors that can lead to congenital heart disease.

1. Genetic factors.

1) Single-gene Xichun genetic defect.

It is caused by a single gene abnormality, such as pulmonary artery stenosis, valvular defect, ventricular septal defect, etc.

2) Polygenic genetic defects.

The cumulative effect on pathogenic genes is caused by the combination of genetic factors and environmental factors. Such as complete atrioventricular septal defect.

3) Chromosomal aberrations.

The incidence of chromosomal aberrations in children with congenital cardiovascular defects is 5% to 8%, which can be divided into chromosomal number aberration and structural aberration.

4) Congenital errors of metabolism.

Biochemical defects that affect metabolism can directly or secondarily affect the cardiovascular system.

2. Non-genetic factors.

1) Physical factors.

Such as electromagnetic radiation, air pollution, etc.

Chemical factors. Pesticide exposure, insecticides, etc.

2) Biological factors.

Infections with Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), coxsackievirus, and parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) occur during the second and eighth weeks of gestation.

3) Diseases of pregnancy.

Chronic diseases in the mother, such as hyperthyroidism, hypertension, diabetes, etc., also increase the risk of congenital heart disease in the offspring.

It is mainly caused by genetic and environmental factors and their interactions: monogenic and chromosomal abnormalities, intrauterine infection, radiation exposure, drug history, lack of anti-cancer drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and alcoholism and drug abuse in early pregnancy.

Causes of congenital heart disease include the following:

1.Environmental factors: such as women taking drugs during pregnancy, infection with viruses, environmental pollution, harmful gases, radiation radiation, etc., may cause abnormal fetal heart development, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, rubella infection is toxin, which will increase the risk of congenital heart disease in the fetus;

2.Genetic factors: some have a family history of heredity, or talk about the occurrence of congenital heart disease due to the heterogeneity of chromosomes.

The answer is no]: a

There are many factors that cause congenital heart disease, the main internal factors are not related to heredity, and the external factors are more important than intrauterine infection.

1. The so-called hereditary congenital heart disease is mostly related to chromosomal diseases, and such patients often suffer from other diseases in addition to heart disease, such as immune deficiency. Taking trisomy 21 as an example, 50% of patients with this disease have congenital heart disease, and the risk rate of re-illness in siblings and children of pre-existing patients is about 4%.

2. The living and working environment of the pregnant woman before and during pregnancy will affect the fetus. Long-term exposure to harmful chemicals, such as benzene, sulfur dioxide, mercury, cadmium, etc., may have carcinogenic effects on the human body, and may cause various congenital malformations including congenital heart disease to the fetus. Various types of radiation also have teratogenic effects on the fetus.

3 If a pregnant woman drinks too much alcohol during pregnancy, takes aspirin, tetracycline, contraceptive pills and other drugs, or suffers from rubella and colds, it may lead to congenital heart disease in the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women should avoid the use of drugs during pregnancy. In addition, advanced maternal age is also a risk factor for fetal morbidity.

4. Pregnant women should do the first ultrasound examination at 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, when the fetal organs have been fully developed, and the B ultrasound examination can observe whether the fetal organs are abnormal, especially the cardiovascular system. If a fetal malformation is found, a decision can be made to terminate the pregnancy. It should be noted that ultrasonography too early will not only not help detect problems, but may also affect fetal development.