What are the environmental requirements for petunias?

First, the breeding environment.

1. Soil: Petunias can be raised with loose, well-drained slightly acidic sandy soil, and at the same time, some perlite or vermiculite can be added appropriately to increase the permeability of the soil.

2. Watering: It needs sufficient water to ensure that the bottom basin has enough water, and it is recommended to ensure sufficient water at noon in the sunny winter and do not overwater.

3. Light: It needs light to grow, and it should be placed on a sunny south-facing countertop, in the case of sufficient moisture, to ensure full sunshine, and at the same time to avoid direct sun exposure.

4. Temperature: It has a certain ability to resist low temperatures, and can grow at a low temperature of 5, but the sun must be sufficient.

5. Fertilization: Its growth needs sufficient fertilizer, and it should be fertilized regularly, with a cycle of 10-12 days, and slow-release fertilizer can be used.

Second, the method of reproduction.

Sowing seedlings: It can be cultivated all year round, fill the seedling soil in a disposable paper cup (a few small holes at the bottom) or a small flower pot, water thoroughly, moisten the seeds with spray, do not cover the seeds with soil, affect its germination, and keep the temperature at 22 24 to ensure that the seedlings grow in a well-ventilated and sunny environment.

3. Pest control.

The common pests and diseases of petunia are white mold, leaf spot, and virus disease, and the control methods are:

1. White mold: In the early stage of its disease, the diseased leaves should be removed and sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 600 800 times.

2. Leaf spot disease: we must pay attention to removing the diseased leaves and burning them, and also prevent them from being damaged by strong winds, sunlight and low temperatures, and spray 1000 times of 50% ammonium dysenium.

3. Viral disease: In the early stage, insecticides should be sprayed, 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution should be sprayed, and disinfection should be paid attention to if the diseased plants have been contacted in the process of planting.

Petunia is a new type that has been crossbred and bred. Petunias are warm-loving, not cold-tolerant, and heat-tolerant. The growth temperature is 15 20, and the winter temperature is 4 10, if it is lower than 4, the plant growth stops, and it can withstand -2 low temperatures.

When the summer temperature is 35, petunias can still grow normally and have strong adaptability to temperature. Avoid rain and waterlogging, like loose, well-drained slightly acidic sandy soil, require sufficient sunshine, good ventilation, and cool weather with few flowers and leaves.

The flowering period is long, as long as the temperature is maintained at 15 25 and the conditions of sunlight and fertilizer are met, it can bloom continuously throughout the year.

Petunias are preferred with loose, fertile and well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam.

Petunia is a kind of grass flower that I must plant in autumn, I bought more than 20 toothpick seedlings this year, and after nearly a month and a half of maintenance, it can be planted, and the condition is very good.

Sowing and planting. Petunias can be sown and reproduced, with autumn sowing in October and November and spring sowing in June and July. Sowing should use loose artificial substrate, because the seeds are too small, generally use bed sowing, box sowing seedlings.

Load the substrate before sowing, water thoroughly, sow again, and moisten the seeds with a fine spray after sowing. Petunia seeds are small and should be covered with thin soil, otherwise it will affect the germination of seeds. Maintain substrate temperature after sowing for 25,7-10 days of emergence.

When the seedlings have 5 or 6 true leaves, they can be planted in 10 cm pots or 12 to 15 cm hanging pots. Manage. For varieties that need topping, it is carried out at 4 to 5 leaves to control the height of the plant, promote branching, and the flowers are compact and beautiful.

Fertilize once every half month, mainly with rotten cake fertilizer water. During the flowering period, apply 2 to 3 times of superphosphate. Petunia plants are easy to lodging under high temperature and humidity conditions in summer, pay attention to pruning and pruning, remove residual flowers, and achieve lush flowers and leaves.

Perennial herb, often made.

1st and 2nd year cultivation; The plant height is 15 80 cm, and there are also clumps and creeping types; Leaves elliptic or ovate; It can bloom in the same year after sowing, and the flowering period is as long as several months, and the corolla is trumpet-shaped; The flower shape has single petals, double petals, wrinkled or irregular serrations, etc.; The colors are red, white, pink, purple and various spots, reticules, stripes, etc.; Capsule, the seeds are very small, and the weight of 1,000 seeds is about g. Prefer warm and sunny surroundings. Not resistant to frost and afraid of rain and waterlogging.

It grows at a temperature of 13 to 18 and 4 to 10 in winter, if it is below 4, the plant grows again. It can withstand temperatures of more than 35 in summer. During the peak growth period in summer, sufficient water is required, especially in the summer high temperature season, watering should be done in the morning and evening to keep the potting soil moist.

However, in the rainy season, there is a lot of rain, which is very unfavorable to the growth of petunias, the potting soil is too wet, the stems and leaves are easy to grow, the flowering period is rainy, and the flowers are easy to fade or rot. If the potting soil is waterlogged for a long time, the rotten roots will die, so it is advisable to use loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam soil for potted petunias. It is a long-day plant, and the growth period requires sufficient sunlight, and it takes about 100 days from sowing to flowering under normal light conditions.

When petunias are cultivated in winter greenhouses, the stems and leaves grow luxuriantly under low temperature and short day conditions, but it is difficult to flower, and when the spring enters the long sunshine, the flower buds quickly differentiate from the top of the stems and leaves.

An annual grass suitable for summer planting, it can be planted in the courtyard, can be set up on a separate plate, or hung on a window sill for decoration.

Potted petunia maintenance and management How to manage potted petunia on a daily basis

1. Cultivation and maintenance

After the completion of the pot seedling raising link, the true leaf seedlings with 5 6 pieces are transplanted into hanging pots with a diameter of l10cm or 12 15cm for cultivation and maintenance. The height of the petunia plant needs to be tightly controlled to ensure the extension of its branches. In the hot and humid conditions of summer, the plants are prone to lodging, so regular pruning should be carried out to remove unnecessary residual flowers to keep the overall flowers luxuriant.

For the maintenance of plants during this period, watering needs to follow the principle of "do not dry and do not water, and water thoroughly".

The frequency of fertilization needs to be controlled at 1 time every half a month, and the fertilizer is mainly selected from rotted cake fertilizer water. Petunias are positive plants and therefore need to be given plenty of sunlight as they grow. Petunias grown in summer are generally more resistant to high temperatures, and only need to be shaded and maintained in the early stage after transplantation, and often do not need additional shade in the later growth process.

The room temperature of petunia transplantation should also be controlled at all times, and the room temperature should not be lower than 15, because the temperature of the growing environment is too low, which will delay flowering, or even not flowering.

2 Prune and prune

Pruning should be done at any time. Because it has the continuous characteristics of flowering and growing buds, it should be cut off in time to cut off the residual flowers or short branches, which can not only prevent the growth of the branches, but also promote the growth of more side branches, more pregnant buds, and more flowering, otherwise the flowering period will be shortened. Dead or damaged plants should be replanted with flower seedlings of the same flower color, and the plant height should be controlled at the same time to make the flower plants short.

3. Control of common pests and diseases

Petunias are susceptible to aphids, thrips, white planthoppers, leafminers, ants. In the seedling stage, the slug is seriously harmful, the slug especially likes to eat petunias, and can feed on the heads of the petunia seedlings overnight, leaving only the stalks, and the leaves are eaten for the petunia seedlings or the finished slugs. When the slug is harmed, spiroline should be used in time to prevent and control it.

If it is a potted plant, you can use 60 Mida granules to put it on the surface of the soil and the bottom of the pot respectively, and the amount of medicine applied to each pot is about 18g, it can play a good control effect, such as the appearance of cabbage insects should be caught at any time, sprinkled with salt or sprayed with trichlorfon. For pests such as aphids and white planthoppers, you can use a net spray to prevent it, and in severe cases, you can increase the concentration and spray continuously.

For red spiders, dimethoate and dichlorvos are generally sprayed with 800 times and 1000 times liquid. For diseases caused by fungal infections, broad-spectrum fungicides carbendazim and chlorothalonil are generally used for prevention and control. Petunia is susceptible to Pythium and Botrytis cinerea, in order to prevent its roots from rotting, it can be watered with methamethoxin or methyl tobuzin, etc., and maintain good air circulation and reduce humidity to remove dead leaves and diseased leaves.

Regularly spray 75 chlorothalonil 600 times and 800 times in the open field, and use smoke agent fumigation to prevent gray mold.

When growing, the height of petunias needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the extension of their branches. And pruning and pruning regularly. Shade is generally not required during later growth.

Planting petunias is mostly done using the sowing method. Before planting, the seed coat of the seeds should be rubbed off and soaked in water. Once planted, place it in a slightly shaded location and rehydrate it appropriately.

When curing, place it in a well-lit location and set up a scaffold near it so that it can cling to the scaffold and grow.

Petunias need to be cultivated into the soil, which does not require too much time and effort, as long as the soil is loosened and fertilized in time.

Balcony petunias should be planted in well-drained, loose soil, and can be sown in autumn in October-November, and transplanted after 4-6 leaves have grown. After moving the pot and planting to survive, it should be given a suitable growth environment, and it should be placed in a closed balcony with easy light in winter, and sufficient light should be ensured in spring, and cooling treatment can be reasonably taken in summer.

Four seasons management of balcony potted plants.

In autumn, it is arranged on the south, east and west facing balconies.

The ideal sowing period for petunia is generally in autumn from October to November when the temperature drops to about 20, and the flower seedlings can be transplanted after having 4-6 leaves. Well-drained, loose soil allows petunias to grow better.

After petunia is transplanted and planted and survives, two conditions are indispensable: sufficient sunlight and moist potting soil. As the temperature decreases (above 0) as winter approaches, it is important to take precautions against the cold. With the exception of petunias, which are cultivated in hanging, there is no need for fertilization in autumn.

In winter, they are arranged on the south, east and west facing balconies.

The temperature that can make petunia safely survive the winter is at least about 0, and it also needs sufficient light in winter, so it should be placed on a closed balcony with easy light to avoid damage to petunias such as rain, snow and cold wind in winter.

If the temperature is higher indoors, the flowering of petunias can be brought forward appropriately.

In spring, it is arranged on the south, east and west facing balconies.

In spring, when the temperature rises, many side branches will grow at the base of the petunia and flower buds will sprout.

Appropriate fertilization should be applied at the bud stage, and sufficient light should be ensured in the management of water and fertilizer during the flowering period.

Potted petunia fertilization should remember to apply excessive fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, excessive nitrogen fertilizer is easy to make the vine stem too long, resulting in high and lodging of the plant.

In summer, Brie is suitable for the east and north facing balconies.

Although petunias like the sun, they are not resistant to high temperatures, so it is necessary to pay attention to reasonable cooling treatment in summer. For example, proper shading, or regular sprinkling of water around it, and increased indoor ventilation to cool down through water evaporation.

But to avoid excess moisture in the potting soil, just avoid the potting soil being too dry. In hot weather, the potting soil is too wet, which can easily lead to the occurrence of petunia root rot, which can seriously lead to death.

Weather characteristics in the summer of 30 years can cause both the old petunias and the newly sown seedlings to bloom in the spring to be unbearable, leading to poor growth and accompanied by physiological death. If the home is in an area with high summer temperatures and there is a lack of effective cooling measures, it is recommended not to sow seeds in the month and summer.

Balcony potted plant trimming.

The continuous flowering period of petunias is about the end of May and October, if the vine stems grow too long, the stems can be shortened, liquid fertilizer (5 times rotten) can be applied 1-2 times, and the potting soil is well hydrated. This encourages the old stems to sprout new shoots and flowers.

For petunias that are cultivated in hanging, pruning can be left undone.

Petunia hardy 4 degrees.

The petunia cold-tolerant temperature is about 4 °, if the ambient temperature is lower than 4 °, the plant will have frostbite or death, so in winter the petunia should be put into indoor breeding, and the indoor temperature should be kept above 10 °, if you want the petunia to bloom, the temperature should be maintained at about 15 °.

Petunia maintenance

1. Strict water control

Petunias have a greater need for water, but the temperature is low in winter, watering should not be too frequent, so as not to cause water accumulation of plants, it is best to water petunias when the soil is white and cracked, and the watering time should be selected in the afternoon when the temperature is higher in the day, so that the plants can absorb more water.

2. Apply base fertilizer

Petunia grows slowly in winter, at this time it is not advisable to provide it with too much nutrients, only need to bury a rotten farm manure into the planting soil at the beginning of winter, so that the plant can survive the winter smoothly, and the fertilizer can not touch the roots or branches and leaves of petunia, so as not to burn the phenomenon of unbridled and cautious.

3. Provide light

Petunia is a light-loving plant, suitable for growing in a sunny environment, winter breeding to put it on the sunny window or balcony, so that the plant plant to receive full sunshine, but the winter light is relatively weak, Tong hail only if you want to make petunia flower, it is best to use incandescent lamp to fill the light.