What are the main processes of iron and steel metallurgy?

Sintering--- ironmaking--- steelmaking--- continuous casting (die casting) - rolling steel.

Sintering: It is a method of making iron ore powder into blocks to provide concentrate for the blast furnace. It is a process of using iron ore powder, flux, fuel and ore return to make lump smelting raw materials in a certain proportion.

Ironmaking – The main purpose of the blast furnace smelting process is to obtain liquid pig iron at the required temperature and composition from iron ore in a cost-effective manner.

The whole process of blast furnace smelting can be summarized as follows: under the condition of low energy consumption, through the reverse movement of controlled charge and coal gas flow, the processes of reduction, slag making, heat transfer and slag-iron reaction are completed with high efficiency, and the liquid metal products with ideal chemical composition and temperature are obtained.

The blast furnace charge is produced by various chemical reduction reactions to produce qualified molten iron, which is then fed into steelmaking through a torpedo tank, and then used as a raw material for steelmaking into a converter for smelting into steel. The slag is discharged into the slag pool through water flushing, and the slag is discharged through the slag water separation, and the water is recycled.

Blast furnace gas, which is produced in the blast furnace smelting process, is used as a low calorific value gas fuel heating blast furnace, sintering, boiler, preheating furnace and heating furnace.

Steelmaking, broadly speaking, is the process of decarburization, heating and alloying of molten iron through oxidation reaction. Its main tasks are decarburization, deoxidation, heating, removal of gases and non-metallic inclusions, alloying.

Continuous casting is the process of cooling qualified molten steel into a billet in a casting machine.

Steel rolling: A pressure process that changes the shape of a billet between rotating rolls.

Now, under the sharp and severe form of steel, as an enterprise, deep processing, low-cost smelting, and energy reuse are also important process requirements for steel smelting. Of course, now in the iron industry, the main requirements are cost control, low-cost smelting is a major need, steelmaking, rolling and finishing rolling to ensure product quality at the same time, new product development is the most important.

Iron-making-steel-continuous casting-rolling steel.

Sintering - ironmaking - steelmaking - continuous casting - rolling steel!

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Metallurgical steelmaking is the process of processing iron ore through a series of processes to finally obtain steel products. The following is a brief introduction to the main processes of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking:1

Ore beneficiation: The raw ore is physically or chemically treated to remove impurities and obtain pure iron ore. 2.

Ironmaking: Iron ore is put into a blast furnace with coke, limestone and other raw materials for a reduction reaction to obtain pig iron. 3.

Steelmaking: Pig iron and other alloying elements are mixed and then smelted in a steelmaking furnace to obtain pure steel4Further processing:

The steel is rolled, forged, quenched and other processing to obtain steel products of various shapes and properties Oh The above is the main process of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking, in which each process has a variety of different methods and technologies to adapt to different production needs and product requirements.

Introduction to the process of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking.

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Metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking is the process of processing iron ore through a series of processes to obtain steel products. The following is a brief introduction to the main processes of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking:1

Ore beneficiation and ore blocking: the raw ore is physically or chemically treated to remove impurities in it to obtain pure iron ore. Dan Yin 2

Ironmaking: Iron ore is put into a blast furnace with coke, limestone and other raw materials for a reduction reaction to obtain pig iron. 3.

Steelmaking: Pig iron and other alloying elements are mixed and then smelted in a steelmaking furnace to obtain pure steel4Further processing:

The steel is rolled, forged, quenched and other processing to obtain steel products of various shapes and properties Oh The above is the main process of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking, in which each process has a variety of different methods and technologies to adapt to different production needs and product requirements.

Hello dear, I'm glad to answer for you: <>

Metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking is the process of processing iron ore through a series of processes to obtain steel products. The following is a brief introduction to the main processes of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking:1

Ore beneficiation and ore blocking: the raw ore is physically or chemically treated to remove impurities in it to obtain pure iron ore. Dan Yin 2

Ironmaking: Iron ore is put into a blast furnace with coke, limestone and other raw materials for a reduction reaction to obtain pig iron. 3.

Steelmaking: Pig iron and other alloying elements are mixed and then smelted in a steelmaking furnace to obtain pure steel4Further processing:

The steel is rolled, forged, quenched and other processing to obtain steel products of various shapes and properties Oh The above is the main process of metallurgical steelmaking and ironmaking, in which each process has a variety of different methods and technologies to adapt to different production needs and product requirements.

Metal smelting The metal materials used in people's daily life are mostly alloys or pure metals, which requires the metal to be extracted from the ore, which is often referred to as the smelting of metals. 1. Principle: The redox reaction is used to make the metal ions (chemical state) in the metal compound get electrons and become metal atoms (free state).

2. Steps: Most metal ores contain impurities, such as quartz, limestone and feldspar. Extracting metals from metal ores generally requires three steps.

The first step is the enrichment of the ore, the removal of impurities, and the increase of the content of useful components in the ore; The second step is smelting, using the principle of redox reaction, under certain conditions, using a reducing agent to reduce the metal ions in the metal ore into metal elements; The third step is refining, which uses a certain method to refine pure metals. 3. Method: There are many ways to smelt metals, the essence of which is to use the method of reduction, due to the different chemical activities of metals, the ability of metal ions to obtain electrons and reduce them into metal atoms is also different, so different smelting methods must be adopted.

Industrial smelting of metals generally uses thermal decomposition, thermal reduction or electrolysis. A brief introduction is as follows: 1 Thermal decomposition method Some inactive metals can be prepared by thermal decomposition method alone.

In the order of metal activity, the oxides of the metal behind the hydrogen can be decomposed when heated, for example: 2hgo===2hg o2 2ag2o===4ag o2 2 thermal reduction The smelting process of most metals is a thermal reduction method. Commonly used reducing agents are coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and reactive metals, such as:

MGO C===MG CO FE2O3 3CO===2FE 3CO2 WO3 3H2=== W 3H2O CR2O3 2AL===2CR AL2O3 3 Electrolysis In the order of metal activity, several metals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and aluminum are very reducible, and these metals are prone to losing electrons, so they cannot be reduced from the compound by general methods and reducing agents, but can only be smelted by electrically decomposing their molten salts or oxides. 2Al2O3===4AL 3O2 2NaCl===2NaCl2 For some inactive metals, such as copper, silver, etc., the method of electrolysis of its salt solution is also commonly used for refining, but the electrolysis method consumes a lot of electrical energy and the cost is high.

The first step is degreasing, which is degreasing with a high-temperature alkaline solution, that is, washing off the grease on the surface of the processed steel workpiece. This step is actually divided into two small steps, one is pre-degreasing and the other is main degreasing, and each degreasing needs to be washed with water.

The second step is to remove rust, rust is to use acid (hydrochloric acid) for soaking, that is, to remove the rust on the surface of the steel workpiece with acid, generally the new steel plate processing can be done once, if the raw shirt cavity is produced and placed for a period of time, there will be a lot of rust, and it needs to be rusted many times. After the rust removal is completed, it is washed.

The third step is surface adjustment, also known as surface adjustment, which is to neutralize the processed parts with a weak alkali or a weak alkali, because the surface of the steel workpiece is harmful to spraying with acid and alkali. Therefore, the acid and alkali should be neutralized, so that the acid and alkali on the surface of the steel workpiece are neutralized (pH value), and the process of Xiangzhi is sometimes not handled at one time, and the water washing is carried out after the surface adjustment is completed.

The fourth step is phosphating, phosphating is also called zinc phosphating, the purpose is to appear a layer of phosphating film on the surface of the steel workpiece, this film is very fine, with this film, it can prevent steel from contacting with air, prevent oxidation and rusting, and can also better adhere to the plastic powder of the plastic spraying production line or banquet shirt.

The fifth step is passivation, passivation is a technical operation after pickling phosphating, the purpose is to remove a large amount of powder attached to the surface of the phosphating film after phosphating, which has an impact on spraying paint, and washing it with water after treatment.

The sixth step is drying, which is a step after pickling phosphating, and the steel workpiece after processing is dried with a dryer to remove the moisture on the surface of the steel workpiece. The processing time for each of these steps is 40 minutes, including washing, so if you calculate that if you go through all the steps, you may not be able to complete it in a day. The input of various chemicals required in the treatment process, and the greater investment is the subsequent environmental protection treatment investment is very huge.

The mirror process of making steel products should be the polishing process, which is processed by mirror polishing technology.

Grinding, grinding, and polishing processes can all be done.

At present, the steelmaking methods used in various countries in the world are mainly converter (oxygen top blowing converter) steelmaking and electric furnace steelmaking

1) Converter steelmaking. Steelmaking (oxygen top blowing converter, top and bottom composite blowing converter, side blowing converter, bottom blowing converter) steelmaking is smelted by using the heat released by the reaction of oxygen and carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus elements in molten iron, without heating from the outside. Currently, about 60% of the world's steel is produced annually in converters (alkaline oxygen converters).

Although the rapid development of electric furnace steel in recent years has affected the blast furnace converter process to a certain extent, the converter has the advantages of iron source from ore and pure steel, so it still occupies a major share of converter steelmaking in the world.

2) Electric furnace steelmaking. Electric furnace steelmaking is the use of electrical energy as the main heat source for smelting. The most commonly used electric furnaces are electric arc furnaces and induction furnaces.

Electric furnace steelmaking accounts for the vast majority of electric furnace steel production. Generally speaking, the electric furnace refers to the electric arc furnace. The electric furnace can use all scrap steel as metal raw materials, and can smelt steel with strict requirements for mechanical properties and chemical composition, such as special tool steel, aviation steel and stainless steel.

Electric furnaces are divided into acidic and alkaline according to the lining used. At present, alkaline electric furnaces are mainly used, which can effectively remove sulfur from steel, which is not possible with other steelmaking methods. With the development of the world's steel production, the proportion of electric furnace steel continues to increase, currently accounting for about 30% of the world's steel production, especially the establishment of the electric furnace short process process characterized by electric furnace continuous casting and continuous milk, so that the electric furnace steel has been greatly developed.

In recent years, the world's new electric furnaces mainly include ultra-high power electric furnaces, direct current electric furnaces, double-shell electric furnaces, shaft furnaces, etc. With the development of the refining process outside the furnace, the function of the electric furnace as a primary refining furnace has become more prominent. The joint operation of the electric furnace and the refining furnace makes it.

The smelting cycle of the electric furnace is greatly shortened, and there is a trend of converterization of production rhythm, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

Oriental Environment - Create green steel.

Methods, characteristics and applications of steelmaking.

1) Electric arc furnace steelmaking.

The basic structure of an electric arc furnace is shown in Figure 1. The heat generated by the arc is used to melt the charge and increase the superheating temperature of the molten steel. Since the electric arc furnace is not heated by the method of fuel combustion, it is easy to control the nature of the furnace gas.

It can be made oxidizing or reducing according to the requirements of smelting. The electric arc furnace became the most widely used steelmaking furnace in steel casting.

2) Induction furnace steelmaking.

Steelmaking uses a coreless induction furnace, which works on the same principle as an electric furnace constructed of cast iron. The structure and appearance of the furnace body are shown in Figure 2, which mainly includes two parts: inductor and crucible. However, since steelmaking consumes more heat, it has a larger input power than a furnace for smelting cast iron of the same capacity.

Induction furnaces for steelmaking use different frequencies according to the furnace capacity (crucible diameter), high frequency (above 10000 Hz) for the capacity of about 10 kg, intermediate frequency (1000 3000 Hz) for the capacity of 100 500 kg, and industrial electricity frequency (50 Hz) for the induction furnace with a capacity of more than 500 kg.

3) Open-hearth steelmaking.

The structure of the open-hearth furnace is shown in Figure 2. Use gas or heavy oil as fuel, mix with preheating air supply, combustion, the resulting flame is directly sprayed on the charge, heating and melting, because it is * flame heating, so the furnace gas is oxidizing, the element burning loss in the steelmaking process is heavier than the electric furnace, the capacity of the open-hearth furnace is large, generally from dozens of tons to hundreds of tons, suitable for pouring shaped castings.

4) Ladle refining furnace.

Melting the charge with an electric arc furnace and then pouring the molten steel into the ladle refining furnace (Fig. 3) and blowing it with argon can effectively remove the gases and inclusions from the molten steel and improve the quality of the molten steel. The argon oxide decarburization (AOD) method and vacuum argon oxide decarburization (VOD) method developed on the basis of ladle refining furnace are advanced methods for smelting high-purity molten steel, especially low-carbon high-purity molten steel, especially suitable for the production of high-strength steel, ultra-high-strength steel and other steel grades.