There were no lighters in ancient times, so what did people use to make fires for cooking?

In ancient times, the earliest was to drill wood to make fire, and later invented flint, all of which were produced by friction, and you can make a fire for cooking, but there are still some troubles relatively well, and later invented matches, which is more convenient.

In ancient times, it was basically used to drill wood for fire and fire in nature, and the fire would be kept when used for the convenience of the next use.

At first, they would drill wood to make fire and keep the fire, and then they had fire breaks.

Drilling wood for fire, hitting stones for fire, these are all taught by teachers in textbooks. Wood rubs to generate heat and sparks ignite, flint and steel rubs sparks, and you can start a fire by finding something flammable.

At first, they ate raw, then they set fire to trees during thunder, and then the fire was kept, and then they learned to drill wood to make fire. Then in the feudal society, there were some advanced fire folds, which could be carried around, and when they were used, they would catch fire when they were blown, and the isolated air would be extinguished, which was also quite convenient.

Fire folds, as well as the fire sickle of the Qing Dynasty, fire paper tube. These can be used to make a fire for cooking.

In ancient times, there were no lighters, but there were flints, and there were wood drills for fire, and the ancient people were very smart, they could slowly discover that they could drill wood for fire, and they also slowly discovered that they could use fire to roast food.

They also have a kind of flint and steel, and two stones hitting each other will also produce some sparks, which can be used to make a fire for cooking.

The easiest way is to drill wood for fire, put flammable igniters under the drill slab, and the rest is just to rub the drill wood vigorously. After drilling into the thick smoke, you can pour the burning wood chips on the ignition and the fire will be lit.

Fire is an important springboard for human civilization, and learning to use fire is also an important part of human evolutionary history. Now we can make a fire through lighters or matches and other auxiliary tools, which is very convenient. So how could you make a fire at any time in ancient times without these aids?

Let's talk about it together.

01 The easiest way is to drill wood for fire, put flammable igniters under the drill slab, and the rest is just to rub the drill wood vigorously. After drilling into the thick smoke, you can pour the burning wood chips on the ignition and the fire will be lit. The Zhou Dynasty's "Examination of the Gongji" recorded the method of using bronze as a concave mirror and using the concave to focus light on the sun.

Our country has also invented the method of making fire from flint. Put the carbon cloth on the flint, and then hit the flint with a fire sickle, and the spark that hits it falls on the carbon cloth to ignite the carbon cloth, and put the ignited carbon cloth into the ignition object, and the fire is born.

02 Human beings obtained fire from lightning strikes and mountain fires in nature, and learned to use fire to barbecue prey and roots, and began to cook food; Learning to use fire to keep warm and dim lighting greatly expands the time and space of human activities. In ancient times, the area around Shangqiu, Henan Province was a forest. The flint clan, which lives in the forest, often preys on wild beasts, and often produces sparks when the stones that hit the beasts collide with the mountain rocks.

Inspired by this, the Fusiliers struck stones against stones, and the resulting sparks ignited the velvet to create fire. This method of making fire was still used in the rural areas of Shangqiu 30 years ago. At that time, a saint received inspiration from a bird pecking at the flint wood and a spark, so he broke off the flint branches and drilled the wood to make fire.

He taught this method to people, and human beings learned to make fire artificially, use fire to cook food, lighting, heating, smelting, etc., and human life entered a new stage.

03 As early as the Paleolithic Age, humans have discovered the use of fire. The petrified ash and slag layers several meters thick in the Peking Man site in Zhoukoudong indicate that humans learned to use fire at least four or five hundred thousand years ago. By the late Paleolithic period, humans had mastered the method of making fire artificially.

Remains of artificial fire by tapping flint have been found in Neanderthal sites near Düsseldorf, Germany. In the process, mankind has mastered the empirical knowledge of converting mechanical energy into heat energy through knocking and friction, as well as the method of using fuel energy through combustion. In this way, fire has become a tool that human beings can use at any time to overcome and transform nature.

Ancient people used a fire sickle to make a fire when cooking.

The fire sickle is a relatively old fire-making artifact, named after the fact that the shape of the scythe resembles a curved shape when it is made to produce sparks when it collides with a flint.

The fire sickle is basically composed of three parts.

1. Flint: usually refers to flint, if there is no flint, it can also be used as a pebble, pebbles are generally produced from the river beach, after the river water washes and collides with each other between the stones, the friction leaves a solid bottom, and can produce sparks when hitting at high speed. Some are mined directly from the mountains, and its purity is relatively high, and the ingredients contained are the same as those of modern flint.

2. Velvet: It is the young leaves of mugwort. A perennial shrub-like herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, the leaves are picked at the end of spring and summer, cooled or dried in the shade, and then kneaded by hand into a flocculent shape for later use.

Because mugwort itself has antibacterial, anti-mildew, anti-insect, antitussive and expectorant effects. Since ancient times, the folk have the custom of "picking wormwood during the Dragon Boat Festival, hanging on the door", "keeping wormwood at home, and always free for the old and young" to poison gas, so it is not surprising that the ancestors used it as a fire primer for lighting cigarettes.

3. Fire steel: A small piece of ordinary steel bar with less strong hardness is used for popularization, which is heat treated and made into a curved sickle shape to become the main part of the fire sickle.

In ancient times, lighters were called fire folds.

The fire fold is a kind of "tool" used by the ancients in China to illuminate, ignite and retain the fire, and because the fire fold has the characteristics of easy to carry and use with blowing, it has become the most convenient mobile lighting and ignition equipment in ancient China. There are many ways and forms to make fire folds, but the characteristics of the source are easy to carry and use. Ordinary fire folds are generally made of some dry and flammable inferior horse dung paper or straw paper, soil paper, etc. rolled into tight paper rolls, while more advanced fire folds are made from sweet potato vines.

However, no matter whether the fire excerpt is ordinary or high-end, before use, it needs to be ignited with fire, and then the open flame on the fire fold is blown out, so that it can be slowly smoldered, just like an ember in the ashes, so that the fire fold can be kept for a long time without extinguishing, and when it is necessary to use fire, only the nuclear state needs to be gently blown or shaken a few times, which will make the smoldering part fully contact with oxygen and cause a violent reaction and quickly re-ignite.

The principle of the fire fold

It uses a physical principle called "re-ignition", which is expressed in rigorous written language, which refers to the phenomenon that something that is already burning is in a state of half-burning and half-extinguishing due to lack of oxygen, and when it regains oxygen, it immediately begins to burn again.

The function of the fire fold is to "restrict" the flammable paper roll in an oxygen-deficient environment (bamboo tube), so that the lit open flame becomes a smoldering spark, and then when it is used, the smoldering paper roll is "liberated" from the oxygen-deficient environment, so that the spark can regain enough oxygen and burn again. The secret lies in controlling the concentration of oxygen, which in turn controls the speed and extent of the burning of the paper rolls.

There are many ways for the ancients to make fire, the most well-known is to drill wood to make fire, this method has been spread for the longest time, the most widely used, the ancients have studied the depth of drilling wood to make fire, such as drilling wood is quite particular, "Zhou Shu Yue Ling" has "spring to take elm willow, summer to take jujube apricot, autumn to take oak, winter to take locust sandalwood" record, are elm, willow, jujube tree, apricot tree and other common tree species, take simple, what kind of wood is used in rainy days, what kind of wood is used in freezing snow days are different. <>

The picture shows a fire sickle. However, drilling wood to make fire is time-consuming and laborious, relatively backward, slowly replaced by another method of making fire, called "fire sickle", when this method originated is not available, the earliest record appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the poet Bai Juyi has "deep furnace knock fire to cook new tea, stone fire in the light to send this body", Liu Zongyuan has "night hair knock stone fire, mountains and forests such as day" record, the stone fire in this is the fire sickle, it is said that the Tang Dynasty military attache travel fire sickle is a necessary thing, to the Song Dynasty when the invention of artillery, fire sickle has a military use, In the people, it has become a necessary daily necessities for every household, and it is one of the dowry gifts when getting married. <>

Now you must have a lighter for smoking, and you must have a fire sickle for smoking before.

What is the fire sickle, it is very simple, it is composed of flint, fire velvet, fire steel three parts, flint is also called flint, is the common quartz stone, fire velvet is very easy to burn, dried flocculent plants, such as mugwort, cotton, etc., fire steel is an ordinary piece of iron, using the principle of friction, with fire steel on the flint, sparks to ignite the velvet, three things are less than the size of a palm, packed with a load to carry around, very convenient, after the popularization of gunpowder, people will mix sulfur into the velvet, Or the sulfur can be glued to small wooden sticks, and then flint and fire steel can be used to achieve the efficiency of matches. <>

The picture shows the fire fold.

In addition, there is a method that is also widely used, that is, the "fire fold", that is, the lit straw paper, put into the bamboo tube to cover, the bamboo tube in the case of lack of oxygen, will be in a semi-burning state, need to take out and blow gently, the fire is rekindled, after the general family fires to cook, there will be a fire fold, to the evening convenient to use, the most common fuel is straw paper, can be stored for a day, conditional use of added nitrate, sulfur, rosin and other components of the paper, greatly improved the flammability rate and preservation time.

There are mainly the following ways: drilling wood for fire, fire folding, flint and sickle, fire inch.

With flint and steel, rub the ** flowers.

Isn't there something like lipstick in costume TV series, that is, it preserves fire, and rich people can afford it. However, most people use flint and steel, that is, two stones, and sometimes go to the neighbor's house to borrow fire. Because with flint and steel, it may take seven or eight minutes to light it.

Therefore, it was normal for civilians in ancient times to borrow fire.

Drilling wood to make fire, this is a very old method, and later invented the fire sickle, that is, flint and steel. Then there was the impotence fire, which was what we used to play with a magnifying glass under the sun when we were children. That's it.

Of course, these can only lead to **stars, and they also need to rely on the mouth and fan to cause the wind.

In the beginning, the bai waited to drill wood for fire, and:

1. Ancient du is matched with fire sickle and fire velvet.

Zhi is a tool for ignition. Commonly known as "flint", it is a siliceous rock of the more common genus than Zhuan, which is dense and hard, mostly gray and black, and has a shell-like fracture after being crushed.

2. Roll a very rough clay paper into a tight paper roll, light it with fire and then blow it out, although there is no flame, you can see the red bright spots faintly burning, just like the embers in the ashes, which can be kept for a long time. When it needs to be ignited, it can be rekindled by blowing, but blowing is very skillful, and it needs to be sudden, short, and powerful, and the air supply should be large. (Fire Folds).

In ancient times, there was a thing called flint.

There are three main methods of making fire in ancient times: 1. Use wooden flint; 2. Use gold flint; 3. Knock the fire with a stone.

flint fire, drill wood for fire, and so on.

Drill wood for fire, flint and steel, and useful fire folds in ancient times.