Who built the shikumen, and who participated in the design of the new shikumen

Judging from the data, it should be a British designer who integrated the British hutong planning and borrowed some elements of Jiangnan and Hui architecture.

Shikumen is the most characteristic residential house in Shanghai. Shanghai's old alleys, generally Shikumen buildings, originated during the Taiping Rebellion, when the war forced wealthy merchants, landlords, and gentry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to flock to the concessions to seek refuge, and foreign real estate developers took the opportunity to build a large number of residences. In the twenties and thirties of the last century, the enclosure was still the main feature of Shanghai residences, but it no longer paid attention to carving, but pursued simplicity, and changed from multiple to single, and the Shikumen residence with a combination of Chinese and Western styles came into being.

This kind of building absorbs a large number of Jiangnan folk houses, with stone as the door frame, and black lacquer solid wood as the door leaf, so this kind of building is named "Shikumen".

Shikumen Interpretation is an old-style residential building. The front is two black lacquered gates, and the door frame and threshold are made of round reeds and thick stone strips. There is a well in the door, the two sides are side rooms, and the front is the guest hall.

Most of them are buildings, but there are also bungalows. Because the style of the gate is similar to the old warehouse, hence the name. Mao Dun "Rainbow" VIII:

They walked into a large and clean alley and stopped in front of the new stone gate. Ding Ling, "Mother" II: "The sedan chair did not go for a long time before knocking on the copper ring on the iron door in front of a shiku door with a large lantern of 'Yu Taishoudi'.

Golden Stone . Refers to the needle used to heal diseases in ancient times: medicinal stones.

The words of the medicine stone (the words of the metaphor to persuade others). One of the eight tones of ancient Chinese musical instruments. Surname.

Shi à the Chinese municipal capacity unit, ten buckets for the interpretation of KumenThere are five doors in the ancient Chuantian * room, and the Kumen is its outermost door. "The Book of Rites: Suburban Special Sacrifice":

Dedication to the treasury door, the precept of a hundred officials. Zheng Xuan Note: "The library door is outside the pheasant gate, and the storage door is outside the temple gate."

Kong Congzi asked the military salute": "The Son of Heaven cried outside the Kumen for three days. ”.

For the princes before the palace uproar.

The early Shikumen was produced in the early 70s of the 19th century, which was born out of the residential form of Jiangnan dwellings, generally with three or five bays, maintaining the characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture with a symmetrical layout on the left and right of the central axis. The old-fashioned Shikumen residence has a long horizontal patio at the entrance, with left and right wings on both sides, and a guest hall with long windows on the opposite side. The hail of Keqing Jifan Hall is about 4 meters wide and about 6 meters deep, which is a place for guests and banquets.

The two sides of the guest hall are secondary rooms, and there is a wooden escalator leading to the second floor at the back, and then there is the back patio, which is only half as deep as the front patio, and there is a water well scattered in the front. Behind the rear patio is a single-storey sloping annex, which is generally used as a kitchen, utility room and storage room. There are entrances and exits before and after the whole house, and the front façade is composed of a patio wall and a wing gable, and the middle is the "Shikumen", which is made of stone as the door frame and matched with black lacquered thick wooden doors; The rear wall is about the same height as the front wall, forming a nearly enclosed façade.

Therefore, although Shikumen is located in the downtown area, it still has a little advantage of high walls and deep courtyards, and it is quite popular with the Chinese gentry and wealthy businessmen who lived in the concession at that time.