There are so many stars in the universe, how do scientists name them?

There are so many stars in the universe, how do scientists name them?

In ancient times, only the Sun, the Moon, and hundreds of stars, as well as planets visible to the naked eye, had names. But over the past few hundred years, the number of objects identified in astronomy has increased from hundreds to billions, and is increasing every year. Astronomers need a identification system that can clearly and unambiguously distinguish these objects, and at the same time name the objects of most interest, indicating correlations and characteristics.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the main body recognized by astronomers worldwide for naming celestial objects. In order to give any celestial object a definite name, a naming system has been established that systematically names and arranges various celestial bodies. When a celestial body is discovered, it is first issued a category number after verification by astronomers and various observations, and a separate meeting is set up for the satellite of a comet, asteroid or planet to adopt another English name as a permanent name instead of the hard-to-remember number.

In addition, there are several private companies engaged in the naming of celestial objects, and on their private registry they will pay the buyer to name the name of their choice on the designated stellar registry. But neither the International Astronomical Union nor the vast majority of astronomers will recognize the legitimacy of these names. Some** (especially self-proclaimed astronomers) would say that the International Astronomical Union is the only body officially recognized to name celestial objects, but this is something that star naming companies are bound to oppose.

Each celestial body in the universe has its own "genetic database", and scientists classify and name them by calling up the basic database of planets. The name of this "genetic database" is stellar spectrum. What is a stellar spectrum, how to classify celestial objects according to the stellar spectrum, and what is the significance of such a classification, let's find out together.

Since 1894, the Harvard University Observatory began to systematically classify the spectrum of stars, under the auspices of Anne Cannon, the whole work lasted for 40 years, and by 1934, a total of hundreds of thousands of stars were analyzed, and a total of 10 volumes of Henry Draper's catalog and its expanded catalog were compiled, on the basis of which the Morgan-Kenna spectral classification method is now widely used.

Some are named after people, some are named according to the distance and proximity, and some are named according to the constellation in which it is located, but because there are too many of them, many planets are marked by a string of ** and numbers after they are discovered. Some of these **s and numbers represent the area of their location, while others represent the order in which they were discovered. In short, it is just for the convenience of us to distinguish and find.

Most of the stars in the universe are named after their discoverers, and some are named after characters from ancient mythology.

1.Names are in order from light to dark. Naming is not random, it also has a specific naming method.

The internationally accepted method of naming stars is to arrange all the stars in each constellation in order from light to dark, and then use Greek letters.

Wait. Go to Naming and add the name of the constellation before the Greek letters. For example, Ursa Major, Andromeda.

Wait. What to do after using up the 24 Greek letters? Then use Arabic numerals.

For example, "Scorpio."

61 stars". In this way, the stars in the sky can have different names.

2.Valle star nomenclature. The Bayle star nomenclature is the most commonly used stellar nomenclature.

According to the naming method, the name of the star consists of two parts: the first part is the Greek alphabet, and the second part is the genus of the constellation in which the star is located. In general, the brightest star in the constellation is called Star, followed by Star, and so on.

Hence some strange star names, such as Centauri.

Alpha Star, Libra.

Beta magnitude. <>

3.Named after God. As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancient Sumerians and Mesopotamians began studying the solar system.

This is the first time in the history of civilization. Around the Earth, there are five planets closest to the Sun. They are visible to the naked eye, and for this reason, they are also the first to be named Kuanqi.

We believe that the Sumerians used their gods to zero + these planets. Mercury today was originally called Enki, meaning god of knowledge and creation. Venus.

In the past, it was called Inana, and the key slip means the goddess of fertility. Maybe Mars.

It's borrowed from Hades.

The gugalanna or nergal is named, meaning the god of death and war.

4.It is named according to legend or the position of the stars。This system is not very rigorous, because of the three plains.

and the twenty-eighth night does not contain all the stars in the current all-day constellation. Currently, among the various types of celestial bodies, only asteroids can be nominated according to the wishes of their discoverers and recognized by the International Astronomical Union, thus gaining international recognition.

According to the International Astronomical Union, only 88 constellations are recognized, and the rest are invalid. According to the names of these 88 constellations, the naming method of the stars of the early dry state appeared. The Bayle star nomenclature is the most commonly used stellar nomenclature.

According to this nomenclature, the name of a failed star consists of two parts: the first half is the Greek letter of the terrestrial star, and the second half is the genitive of the constellation in which the star is located. Generally speaking, the brightest star in a constellation is called a star, followed by a star, and so on.

Generally, no. It will be named according to the situation at the time and the name of the astronaut at the time. That is, take it casually.

Spectral Type: Surface temperature, color.

o 30,000 - 60,000 K Blue B 10,000 - 30,000 K Blue White A 7,500 - 10,000 K White.

f 6,000 - 7,500 k yellow-white.

g 5,000 - 6,000 k yellow (the sun is of this type).

K 3,500 - 5,000 K orange.

m 2,000 - 3,500 k red.

There are generally two types of star classifications, one by mass and one by stage of evolution or appearance.

If it is classified according to mass, it depends on what the star can eventually evolve into, which is generally as follows;

Less than the mass of the Sun (but must be greater than times the mass of the Sun): Red dwarfs – the remnants of such stars that have died in the universe.

Less than 8 times the mass of the Sun: Intermediate-mass stars – white dwarfs after death.

Larger than Sun 8: Massive star – becomes a neutron star after death.

Supermassive stars that are more than 50 times the mass of the Sun – become black holes when they die.

According to the classification of evolutionary stages, the stellar evolution process is also different according to different masses;

Small-mass stars: star embryos - main-sequence stars - extinguished.

Intermediate-mass stars (Sun): Embryo - Main sequence star - Red giant star - White dwarf (dead debris).

Massive stars: star embryos – blue supergiants (main-sequence stars) – red supergiants – supernovae – neutron stars or black holes (dead debris).

Stellar embryos: Stellar embryos are embryos before the stars begin to burn, formed by the gravitational aggregation of nebulae.

Main sequence star: A main sequence star, i.e., a star with only hydrogen fusion in its core. Depending on the mass of the star itself, the duration of the main sequence phase varies from a few million to trillions of years. The greater the mass, the shorter the main-sequence stage.

Blue supergiants: Blue supergiants are the main sequence stars of massive stars, which appear blue or bright white because of the extremely fast energy eruption rate and the high surface temperature of the star (usually above 20,000 degrees, only 6,000 degrees on the surface of the sun). In fact, except for the difference in color and brightness, there is no difference from ordinary main-sequence stars.

Red giants: Red giants are the stages in which intermediate-mass stars evolve into helium fusion (after hydrogen fusion). Due to the greatly increased rate of energy eruption at this stage, its volume will expand millions of times more than that of the main-sequence stage, and due to the volume expansion, the heat will dissipate faster and the surface temperature will decrease, so it will appear red.

Red supergiants: Red supergiants, when massive stars enter the phase of helium fusion or higher-order nuclear fusion, such as carbon fusion. The eruption rate of stellar energy will increase dramatically, causing the volume of the star to expand by tens or even hundreds of millions of times.

However, it still appears red because the volume expands, the surface heat dissipates faster, and the temperature decreases.

White dwarf: The final product of the evolution of an intermediate-mass star, at which point it can no longer be called a star.

Supernova: A massive star ends its life with a supernova explosion, and from the time it triggers a supernova**, it can no longer be a star.

Classification of stars according to luminosity, grade description, familiar examples: ia, bright supergiant star Betelgeuse.

7. Betelgeuse, the Ib supergiant, the Polaris, the Antares II, the bright star Betelgeuse III, the giant star Arcturus, the five car II IV subgiants, the Altair, the Achenrar (a star in the southern hemisphere), the V, the main-sequence Sun, Sirius, the unclassified white dwarf, the Sirius companion star, the South River tricombus 1234567890

The world is so big, there are no wonders, not to mention the universe, I think there must be some galaxies in the universe somewhere, and in our scientists' cognition, stars are generally bright, so these stars will gather together, and they will produce a lot of energy from each other, and this will be a very magnificent scene.

Yes, there are generally two-star systems, followed by single-star systems, and there are few without stars or many stars.

A binary star system is actually centered on two stars, around which other celestial bodies orbit and the two stars attract each other.

Of course, there are nearly infinite star systems in the universe, stars are large and small, most of the stars we look at at night are stars, and the stars at different stages are different, and no other star systems have been found to have life, so simply put, stars are blazing fireballs.