The chemical composition of bone, the chemical composition and physical properties of bone

Bone organic matter and inorganic matter constitute the main components of organic matter are collagen fibers, five-year protein and grain vermilion pine bone number five accumulation evil friends called bone salt, the main components are, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

Concern. The chef tells you: no matter what kind of meat you fry, don't marinate it with starch, keep these 3 points in mind, and it will be tender and flavorful.

Brother Dong's food encyclopedia.

Baijia No. 12-29 12:50

Concern. Recommendation: There are some lesser-known cooking techniques in the kitchen, such as putting the cut chestnut in the microwave to heat it, and its shell can be easily removed; Pinch the sweet potato halfway through the roast, and the sweet potato will be even sweeter.

There are many more practical tips like this, which are slowly summarized by everyone in the kitchen, and I believe that if they are applied to their own kitchen, they will definitely bring a lot of convenience to cooking.

The chef tells you: no matter what kind of meat you fry, don't marinate it with starch, keep these 3 points in mind, and it will be tender and flavorful. Now people's living standards are really getting higher and higher, so the requirements for diet will become very much, basically what to eat for three meals a day, there will always be meat on the table, then fried meat has become a household to remove there are many kinds of dishes in the most practiced, no matter what kind of ingredients are matched, the dishes he makes are very nutritious, and it is also very delicious to eat.

Bone is made up of organic and inorganic matter. The main components of organic matter are collagen fibers, bone mucin, and chondroitin sulfate. Inorganic substances, also known as bone salts, are mainly composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

The chemical composition of bone is mainly composed of organic matter and inorganic matter. The organic matter is composed of bone collagen and mucopolysaccharide protein, and its physical properties make bone elastic and tough. Inorganic matter is an inorganic salt (the main component is alkaline calcium phosphate), and its physical properties give bone a strong hardness.

This physical property of bone, which is hard and elastic and tough, depends mainly on the chemical spinal composition of the bone.

The organic matter and inorganic matter contained in the bone in early childhood account for about 1 2, so the elasticity is good, the plasticity is large and it is not easy to fracture, but because of the small hardness, it is easy to bend and deform, the organic matter in the bone in adulthood gradually decreases, the inorganic matter gradually increases, about 2 3, such a ratio makes the bone have a strong hardness and a certain elasticity and toughness, the bone collagen fiber aging in the bone in old age, the inorganic matter is relatively more, accounting for about 3 4, at the same time, due to the decrease in hormone level, the absorption and deposition of calcium and phosphorus are affected, and the bone appears porous, The total amount of bone tissue is also reduced, and the rough and coarse is osteoporosis, so at this time, the bone fragility is larger, the toughness is poor, and the rock town is prone to fractures.

Bone tissue is made up of a mixture of living cells and minerals (mainly calcium and phosphorus), and the main component of bone is calcium hydroxyphosphate, which can be dissolved with strong acids such as HCl.

Bones are made up of inorganic and organic substances, of which calcium is the main component of bones. Can be dissolved with strong acids, such as HCl. White vinegar can also be dissolved, but it has to be soaked for a long time.

Calcium carbonate, the main component of bones, in addition to certain phosphates, gums, proteins, etc. If you want to dissolve the bones, you can use strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid.

Bone is composed of organic matter and inorganic matter, organic matter is mainly protein, which makes bone have a certain toughness, and inorganic matter is mainly source cherry base calcium and phosphorus to make bone have a certain hardness.

Human bones are composed of several proportions of organic and inorganic matter, so human bones have both toughness and hardness, but the proportions are different.

Taking the bones of children and adolescents as an example, the content of organic matter is more than that of inorganic matter, so the bone of children and adolescents has higher flexibility and plasticity, while the bone of the elderly has more inorganic content than organic matter, so their bone has a higher hardness, so it is easy to break.

Bone is mainly composed of three parts: bone, bone marrow and periosteum. The bone marrow is rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue. Taking long bones as an example, the two ends of the long bones are dimple-shaped cancellous, the middle part is dense and hard bone compact, and the bone ** is the bone marrow cavity, and the bone marrow cavity and the gap between the bone marrow cavity and the cancellous bone contain the bone marrow.

The bone marrow in the bone marrow cavity of infants and young children is red (i.e., red bone marrow), has hematopoietic function, and gradually loses hematopoietic function with age, such as ribs, the bone marrow in these flat bones will eventually form yellow bone marrow and lose hematopoietic function due to the accumulation of connective tissues such as fat and fibrous connective tissue.

Function. 1. Protective function: bones can protect various organs inside the human body. For example: the skull protects the brain; The ribs protect the ribcage;

2. Supporting function: bones provide scaffolds for human tissues and organs, and shape the human body;

3. Hematopoietic function: bone marrow produces blood cells through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow cavity of long bones and cavernous bones;

4. Storage function: bones store important minerals in the body, especially calcium and phosphorus;

5. Motor function: bones provide strong and flexible scaffolds and attachments for muscles; Joints give the body flexibility.

<> bones are made up of periosteum, bone, and bone marrow, in addition to a rich distribution of blood vessels and nerves.

The periosteum is divided into episteum and endosteal. The episteum is divided into two layers, the outer layer is a fibrous layer, which has a nutritional and protective effect. The inner layer is the osteogenic layer, which is involved in the growth and repair of bone.

2.Bone is the main component of bone, which is composed of bone tissue, divided into compact bone and cancellous bone. Dense bone is distributed on the surface of the bone, thick and dense, composed of closely arranged bone plates, and has strong resistance to compression and torsion.

Cancellous bone is located inside the bone and consists of needle-like or sheet-like trabeculae arranged in the direction of gravity and the tension of muscle traction.

3.The bone marrow is located within the space between the bone marrow cavity and the cancellous bone of the long bone and is made up of hematopoietic cells and reticular connective tissue. There are two types: red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.

The bone marrow of young children is red bone marrow, which contains a large number of red blood cells at different developmental stages and other naïve blood cells, so it is red in color and has hematopoietic function; In adulthood, the red bone marrow in the bone marrow cavity gradually undergoes fat deposits, which are yellow, turning yellow and losing their ability to form blood.

4.Bone is rich in blood vessels and nerves, mainly distributed in the periosteum. There are small holes on the surface of the bone that are visible to the naked eye, and the blood vessels distributed in the bone enter and exit. The nerves distributed in the bone are mainly the motor nerves of the blood vessels and the sensory nerves of the periosteum.

level of organization. There are two types of bone tissue: dense bone (or cortical bone) and cancellous bone (or trabecular bone).

In mature bone, dense bone structures are arranged in a Harvard-esque system to form an outer layer (cortex) that surrounds the inner layer of loose trabecular cancellous bone containing bone marrow. Dense bone makes up 80% of bone mass, containing 99% of the body's total calcium and 90% of phosphate; Cancellous bone contains hematopoietic cells, fat, and blood vessels that produce blood cells. Trabecular bone stores hematopoietic cells and many blood cells, and its conversion rate is about 8 times that of cortical bone.

Appendicular bones are mainly made up of cortical bone. Cortical bone thickens at the diaphysis of the long bones than at the metaphysis and epiphysis. The metaphysis is rich in blood** and contains large sinuses with slow blood flow. On the other hand, the vertebral body of the spine is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and the endplate and posterior process are mainly composed of dense bone.

Cellular level: There are three types of cells in bone: (1) osteoblasts that produce organic components (2) osteocytes that produce inorganic components and (3) osteoclasts that act on bone resorption.

Osteoclasts** in the hematopoietic system, osteoblasts** in mesenchymal tissues, and osteocytes are mineralized from osteoblasts.

Molecular level: At the molecular level, the bone matrix consists mainly of organic components (about 35%) and inorganic components (about 65%)The organic matrix is made up of collagen and glycoproteins; The main inorganic components are hydroxyapatite, cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and strontium) and anions (chemicals, phosphorus and chloride).

Calcium in the inorganic matrix provides bone stiffness and pressure, and collagen fibers in the organic matrix provide support and tension.