What are the basic steps for making dried specimens?

How to make it:

1) Tool preparation: absorbent paper, specimen holder, collection bag, record book, number plate, table paper (white, 40 cm long, 27 m wide, cardboard).

2) Specimen collection.

1. Collect specimens and strive to be complete. (stems, leaves, flowers, fruits).

2. The record should be detailed when collecting.

3. Hang up the tag in time.

4. Put the specimen into the collection bag.

c) Specimen suppression.

1. Pruning: bad, dirty leaves; Plants whose leaves are easy to fall off can be soaked in boiling water for 1 minute before drying.

2. Pressing: Spread several layers of absorbent paper on the specimen, clamp it with a specimen clip, and dry it in a ventilated place.

3. Change paper: change paper once a day to keep the color of the specimen.

4) Specimen making.

2. Upper paper: The specimen is spread on the table paper, and the leaves are arranged evenly so that the same specimen can see the shape of the front and back leaves at the same time.

3. Fixation: paste the specimen with transparent glue: the width of the transparent glue is the most beautiful.

4. Labeling: Label in the lower right corner. Contents: Name of the specimen, collection location, collection time.

Theme: Exhibition of the primary colors of plants, now a strong sense of spring.

Objective: To learn how to collect plants and make wax leaf specimens.

Utensils: collection box (or plastic bag), specimen clip, pruning shears, digging shovel, rope, number plate, label, paper that is easy to absorb water (straw paper or old newspaper), table paper, cover paper, tweezers, pencil.

Method steps: 1. Collection of plant specimens (when encountering precious and rare plants, not only do not collect, but also protect them).

1 Herbaceous plants, which should be collected with as many roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits as possible.

2 Woody plants, branches with leaves, flowers or fruits should be collected.

3. Label the collected specimens.

4 Gently place the collected specimen into the collection box (or plastic bag).

5 When collecting specimens, pay attention to safety. Do not eat indiscriminately to prevent poisoning. Second, the production of leaf specimens.

2. Preparation of plant wax leaf specimens.

1. Place the sorted specimen on several layers of easily absorbent paper as soon as possible, flatten the front of the leaves and flowers upwards (to flatten the backs of a few leaves and flowers upwards), and then cover them with several layers of paper.

2. Stack the specimens layer by layer, clamp and tie them tightly with specimen clips, and put them in a ventilated place in the shade.

3. At regular intervals, replace the tide paper in the specimen holder with dry paper, and at the same time shape the specimen to dry the specimen as soon as possible.

4. Fix the dried specimen on the table paper with a thread or paper strip, label it, and then attach the cover paper.

Make a taxidermy. If it can be summed up, it is probably picking, pressing, making labels and preserving. The following is a detailed introduction to the basic steps of making specimens.

Preparation of vegetal pressed specimens:

1.Prune the branches and leaves that are too dense on the plant body, and cut the section of the branch into a beveled opening.

2.Plus numbered labels.

3.Put 2 or 3 pieces of dry absorbent paper or old newspaper on one side of the specimen holder, and then lay the plants flat on it, and fold the plants that are too long into a V-shaped or N-shape, with the principle of not exceeding the size of a piece of paper.

4.Adjust the position of the branches and leaves to show the characteristics of each part as much as possible.

5.The old newspaper is folded and placed on both sides of the thicker parts such as roots, stems or fruits, so that the force of each part of the plant is evenly applied under pressure.

6.Cover with 2 or 3 sheets of dry absorbent paper or old newspaper.

7.Press and stack several specimens in the same way, and then cover the other specimen folder when the appropriate height is reached.

8.Press the specimen clamp down and flatten it with force and tie it tightly with a rope.

9.Drying: Early drying of specimens is done by replacing dry absorbent paper or old newspaper daily until the specimen is completely dry.

Today's herbarium uses a simple specimen grill with a 60W bulb to bake. Or the specimen can be dried in a recirculating oven at about 50 degrees Celsius. The baking time depends on the material and quantity of the plant, generally 2 to 3 days can be completely dry, and the plant with more water content will take longer.

Disinfection Specimens collected in the wild inevitably carry insect eggs or fungi and other microscopic organisms, and if not removed, the specimens can be easily damaged by moths. Specimen disinfection can be carried out by placing the specimen in a freezer at -40 degrees Celsius for 2 to 3 days to kill the carrying organisms at low temperatures. In addition, after the specimen is bound and the specimen is taken out for inquiry, it must be frozen before it can be put back into the specimen cabinet.

The method of making specimens is as follows:

Take the dried plant specimen as an example:

The dried book of plant specimens can be forced to dehydrate the plant materials with less water content, easy to dry, and not easy to deform after drying by vacuum drying, freezing drying, microwave drying, silica gel drying and absorbent paper pressing. It is also possible to first carry out the necessary chemical treatment, and then dehydrate and dry.

Depending on the processing method, the preparation method of dry specimens can be divided into the following three types:

1. Production of wax leaf specimens.

Prepare a sufficient amount of absorbent paper (mostly replace with core paper), the specification of the paper is 28 42 cm, spread the paper on the special plant specimen clip, the washed specimen should be placed on the core paper, use tweezers on the paper to correct the posture, and then cover a core paper, and then place the specimen on the paper;

The specimen is then covered with core paper, so that the layers are stacked and clamped into the specimen holder, and the specimen clamp is tightened with a rope or a heavy weight is pressed on the specimen clip, so that the core paper can absorb the water in the plant body more quickly. In the meantime, the paper should be changed in time, initially 1 or 2 times a day, and then every 2 or 3 days (the replaced paper should be dried for the next time, until the specimen is dry).

Dry specimens should be attached to the table paper, the size of the table paper is generally 26 36 cm, the lower right corner of the table paper should be labeled, and finally paste the translucent cover balance paper.

2. Production of primary color laminated specimens.

The green leaves and flowers are separated first, and the green leaves and flowers of different colors are treated with different chemical methods. Treatment of green branches and leaves: add copper acetate to a 50% acetic acid solution to make a saturated solution of copper acetate, take one part of the saturated solution and dilute it with 4 parts of water, and then put the plant material into the dilution solution and heat it to keep the temperature between 75 and 85.

At this time, the green branches and leaves gradually turn yellow, and after continuing to heat them back to their original green, stop heating immediately, and then take the specimen out of the solution, wash it with water, put it on the core paper, place it in the specimen holder for pressurization, and pay attention to changing the paper in time. Specimen clips can also be vacuumed in a vacuum drying oven. At the same time, it can be heated to about 75.

Treatment of various flower colors: red flowers can be soaked in 2% tartaric acid solution for 10-20 minutes; Purple flowers can be soaked in a 2% aluminum sulfate solution for 10-20 min. The soaked flowers should be washed and dehydrated after being removed from the solution.

The method of dehydration is the same as that of the foliage. The dried branches and leaves and flowers should be put on the table paper in time, and the label should be pasted in the lower right corner of the table paper, and finally sent to the card protection machine for high-temperature lamination.

3. Production of primary color three-dimensional specimens.

Take the branches and leaves of the plant with flowers and put them into a container, bury them all with silica gel particles with a particle size of 20 50 mesh, and dry the specimen for about 10 days, you can take it out of the silica gel, and immediately seal it into a specimen bottle containing a small amount of desiccant for long-term storage, or you can seal the specimen into a colorless and transparent synthetic polymer material for preservation.