How ceramics are made, the process of making ceramics

1. Mud: Kaolin is the best raw material for firing porcelain, for thousands of years, how many fine ceramics are evolved from these inconspicuous porcelain clay, the first process of porcelain: mud, is to pan porcelain clay into usable porcelain clay.

2. Stacked clay: The washed porcelain clay can not be used immediately, so it should be divided and stacked into columns for easy storage and drawing. Three, the blank:

Put the stacked porcelain clay into the large turntable, and by rotating the turntable, use your hands and drawing tools to draw the porcelain clay into a porcelain blank. Fourth, the printing blank: The drawn porcelain blank is only a prototype, and it is also necessary to select different impressions according to the shape to be done to print the porcelain blank into a variety of different shapes.

5. Trimming: The thickness of the freshly printed blank is uneven, and the printed blank needs to be repaired neatly and evenly through the process of trimming the blank. Sixth, water:

Water pouring is an indispensable process, that is, washing off the dust on the blank with clean water, and preparing for the next process such as painting and glazing. Seventh, the blank: painting on the blank is a major feature of ceramic art, there are many kinds of blanks, there are freehand, there are good paper sketches, no matter how the blank is the finishing touch of the ceramic process.

8. Glazing: The painted porcelain blank is rough and dull, but after the glaze is completely different, smooth and bright: different glazing techniques have completely different effects.

9. Kiln: The millennium kiln fire, endlessly, after dozens of tools carved porcelain blanks, in the kiln to withstand the smelting of thousands of degrees of high temperature, just like an ugly duckling about to reach a beautiful swan. 10. Porcelain:

After a few days of smelting, the porcelain blanks in the kiln have been transformed into pieces of exquisite porcelain, which can't wait to stand out from the open kiln door.

How porcelain is made

After mining, beneficiation, crushing, washing, stale and other processes, porcelain stone is made into a white brick-like substance near Jingdezhen, which is directly used to make porcelain tires, named Buzi, pronounced Dunzi. This material Jingdezhen Qingbai porcelain in the Song Dynasty was directly used to make porcelain, and at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen potters began to add a kind of macang clay containing kaolin to the porcelain, forming a binary formula for porcelain.

At present, there is a great controversy in the academic community about whether it belongs to porcelain stone minerals or kaolin minerals. Due to historical documents, in the late Ming Dynasty and the middle of Wanli, the macang soil had been excavated and replaced with kaolin.

Therefore, it is generally believed that the composition of macang soil should be relatively close to that of kaolin. Since the asakura soil has been completely extinct, the composition of the asakura soil has become an unsolved case to this day. You just need to know that from the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the tenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the official kilns in Jingdezhen used Macang soil.

The ceramic making process is as follows:

1.Mud training: Porcelain stone is taken from the mining area, which is manually crushed with an iron hammer to an egg-sized block, and then beaten into powder with water, washed, removed impurities, and precipitated into brick-like mud.

Then mix the mud with water, remove the slag, and rub it with both hands to squeeze out the air in the mud. This porcelain stone processing method has a long history and should be synchronized with the history of porcelain making in Jingdezhen.

2.Blank drawing: Blank drawing is the first process of molding. Jingdezhen porcelain.

Famous all over the world, except for the local "godsend."

In addition to the high-quality clay, it is basically those "magical" skills that turn these ordinary "things" into human "pets". First of all, we must be familiar with the shrinkage rate of the mud.

3.Blank: The shape of the impression is rotated according to the shape arc of the blank, and the blank that is dried until it is semi-dry is covered on the mold, and the outer wall of the blank is evenly patted, and then the mold is removed.

4.Billet: Cover the billet on the wheel.

On the sharp barrel of the car, turn the car disc and rotate it with a knife to make the thickness of the green body appropriate and the surface and inside smooth, which is a process with high technical requirements.

This process is first to put the yellow mud on the so-called billet car, and then sit on the car, with special tools to make the surface of the utensils smooth, coherent and consistent, and make the mud show a white color, which is an extremely important process in ceramic molding, and finally determine the shape of the utensils.

5.Drying blanks: Place the processed blanks on a wooden frame to dry.

6.Engraving: Carving patterns on dried bodies with knives made of bamboo, bone or iron.

7.Glazing: The glazing process is the technology of ancient ceramics production.

One is to apply glaze paste to the surface of the molded ceramic body. There are mainly seven methods such as dipping glaze, swinging glaze, pouring glaze, brushing glaze, sprinkling glaze, wheel glaze, etc., according to the different shapes and thicknesses of the body, the corresponding glazing method is adopted. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese porcelain.

The history of painted decoration.

8.Kiln: First of all, the ceramic products are loaded into the sagger, the role of the box is to prevent the porcelain blank from direct contact with the kiln fire, to avoid pollution, especially for the white porcelain firing is the most beneficial.

The kiln firing time process is about one day and night, and the temperature is about 1300 degrees. First build the kiln door, light the kiln, the fuel is pine firewood, the Tsubaki technical guidance, measure the fire, grasp the kiln temperature changes, and decide the ceasefire time.

9.Paint: Overglaze.

Such as five-color, pastel, etc., is to paint patterns and fill in the color on the glazed surface of porcelain that has been fired, and then enter the red furnace to burn and dry at a low temperature of about 700-800 degrees. Before firing the kiln, painting on the blank voxel tire, such as blue and white, glaze red, etc., is called underglaze color.

It is characterized by the fact that the color is under the glaze at high temperature and never fades.

1。Knead the mud, and use the horn kneading method to make the mud fully knead the uneven dry and wet places.

2。When there is air in the mud, rubbing it with chrysanthemums can squeeze the bubbles.

3。Pull the blank, throw the mud ball on the center of the turntable on the wheel, and pull out the general appearance of the body with the flexion and extension of the hand.

4。Blank, cover the blank on the barrel of the roller car, turn the car plate, and rotate it with a knife to make the thickness of the blank body appropriate and the surface and inside smooth.

5。The billet, also known as the repair billet or rotary billet, is the key link to finally determine the shape of the utensil, and make the surface of the utensil smooth, coherent and consistent.

6。Drying blanks: Place the processed blanks on a wooden frame to dry.

7.Glazing, most of the ceramic products need to be glazed before entering the kiln to fire, the glazing process seems to be simple but is extremely important and difficult to master a process, to achieve the uniform glaze layer of each part of the body, the thickness is appropriate, but also pay attention to the different fluidity of various glazes.

8. The last part is the kiln.

Making ceramics is easy! Once you know the basics, you can start making your own porcelain blanks right away. It can be a little intimidating to learn this technique at first, but once you learn it seriously, the ceramics you make can be priceless.

1. Dig for mud. Kaolin is the best raw material for firing porcelain, dry for a hundred years, how many fine ceramics are evolved from these humble porcelain clay, the first process of porcelain making: panning mud, is to pan porcelain clay into usable porcelain clay.

2. Swing mud. The washed porcelain clay cannot be used immediately, it should be divided and stacked into columns for easy storage and drawing.

3. Pull it out. Put the stacked porcelain clay into the large turntable, and by rotating the turntable, use your hands and pull the broken tools, the porcelain clay is pulled into a porcelain blank.

4. Printing blanks. The drawn porcelain blank is only a prototype, and it is also necessary to select different impressions according to the shape to be made to print the porcelain blank into various shapes.

5. Repair the billet. The thickness of the freshly printed blank is uneven, and the printed blank needs to be repaired neatly and evenly through the process of trimming the blank.

6. Pour water. That is, wash off the dust on the blank with clean water, and prepare for the next process of painting and glazing.

7. Blank drawing. Painting on the blank is a major feature of ceramic art, there are freehand, there are good paper sketches, no matter how the blank is the finishing touch of the ceramic process.

8. Glazing. The painted porcelain blank is rough and dull, but after the glaze is completely different, smooth and bright: different glazing techniques have completely different effects.

9. Firing kiln. At high temperatures, molding.

With the progress of the times, our Chinese ceramic craftsmanship has reached the level of ingenuity. Therefore, making ceramics has also become one of Xu Qiaochan's hobbies. So how is ceramics made for beginners?

1.Clay practice. After the porcelain stone is taken from the mining area, it is first broken into egg-sized pieces with a hammer, and then beaten into powder with water, washed to remove impurities, and when it settles, you can see the diamond-shaped mud blocks.

Next, mix the mud with water to remove the dirt and rub it with your hands to let the air in the mud come out, and at the same time make the moisture in the mud more even.

2.Blank drawing, blank printing.

The second step in making ceramics is pulling. Throw the mud ball in the center of the turntable of the roller car, follow the bending, stretching, retracting and retracting of the technique and then pull out the general appearance of the body. In fact, drawing blank is the first link of molding.

If you want to draw the blank molding, you must first grasp the shrinkage rate of the mud. Under normal circumstances, the total shrinkage rate of Jingdezhen porcelain clay is 18-20%. In addition, if you want to make a good-looking ceramic shape, you also need to pay attention to its overall shape, in fact, this can best reflect the level of the blank master.

The next step is the process of printing.

3.Billet and dry billet.

Put the blank on the sharp barrel of the roller car, then turn the car plate, take the knife to rotate, and finally make the thickness of the blank body appropriate, the inside and outside are smooth, in fact, this is a very technically demanding procedure. Write it down and dry it, you just need to put the processed blank on the hanger to dry. However, it should be noted that if this link is not well controlled, all efforts will be wasted, so you still have to consult a professional!

4.Engraving, glazing.

The next step in making ceramics is to take a knife made of bamboo, bone or iron and carve a pattern on the dried body. Then use a round ware to use the glaze. The implementation of glaze is very simple, but it is a very difficult program to master.

Because it must be uniform and consistent in the glaze layer of each part of the embryonic body potato fiber, and the thickness must also be appropriate, and it is also necessary to look at the different fluidity of various glazes.

5.Kiln firing, painting.

Put the finished ceramics in the sagger, and then the kiln time generally takes a day and night, and the temperature is controlled at about 1300 degrees. In the end, you just need to draw patterns and fill in the colors on the ceramic, but then remember to put it in a red furnace with a temperature of about 700-800 degrees Celsius!

1: Knead the mud. The purpose of mud kneading is to empty the bubbles in the mud and make the mud further compact. Without this process, it is easy to contain bubbles in the green body, and the green body is easy to crack and deform when it is dried and fired.

2: Make a blank. Jingdezhen traditional round ware blank making, that is, according to the final type of the body to make roughly the corresponding body, for later printing blanks.

3: Blank. The rough billet should be dried in the natural shade after a certain period of time (it must be dried naturally under certain humidity and temperature conditions, not in the sun.

The billet formed body must be placed obliquely on the billet plate, not placed upright, and placed upright, it may produce the bottom of the billet crack), you can enter the billet printing process. The purpose of the blank is to make the hand-formed round ware achieve uniformity after firing. After the body of the hand-drawn blank is naturally dried, the semi-dry body is placed on the earthen grinding tool and patted by hand, so that the body is evenly formed around the body.

4.Billet. The billet is to finish the printed billet to make it further smooth and round.

5: Dangli glaze.

For round ware production, if there is no decoration in the vessel, it needs to be glazed first. The glaze on the outside of the ware is the second dipping glaze in the later period. Glaze is a thin layer of glass attached to the surface of the ceramic body, which has similar physical and chemical properties to glass.

The glaze is generally made of quartz, feldspar, clay, etc. The methods of ceramic glazing include: spraying, blowing, dipping, pouring, swinging and other methods.

The inner glaze (the glaze inside the utensil) and the bottom glaze (the glaze of the bottom foot of the utensil) are the traditional glaze method, and the outer glaze is impregnated glaze.

6: Blank. After swinging the inner glaze, you can enter the blank painting process.

The blue and white material used in the painting blank needs to be ground for a long time in advance, and the recipe is inseparable from each studio.