What are the characteristics of the Arctic, what are the characteristics of the Arctic

There is a polar day and night phenomenon, the temperature is low throughout the year, and most areas are covered with ice and snow, mainly by the ocean.

The climate in the Arctic is cold all year round. The Arctic Ocean is a vast frozen ocean surrounded by numerous islands and coastal areas of North America and northern Asia. The North Pole is the northern end of the Earth's axis of rotation, which is the point at 90°N.

The Arctic region is the area near the North Pole within the Arctic Circle at 66°34 north latitude. In winter, the sun is always below the horizon and the sea is completely frozen. In summer, temperatures rise above freezing, the marginal areas of the Arctic Ocean melt, and the sun hangs in the sky for weeks on end.

The Arctic Ocean is rich in fish and plankton, which provides abundant food for the millions of seabirds that nest here during the summer**, as well as for seals, whales and other marine animals. Most of the area around the Arctic Ocean is relatively flat and there are no trees growing. In winter, the ground freezes and the ground is covered with a thick layer of snow.

In summer, the snow melts, the topsoil thaws, and plants grow and bloom, providing food for animals such as reindeer and musk oxen. At the same time, predators such as wolves and polar bears also survive by preying on other animals. The Arctic is one of the most sparsely populated regions in the world.

For thousands of years, the Inuit (formerly known as the Eskimos) have lived here for generations.

The Arctic is a veritable world of ice and snow, but due to the movement of ocean currents, the sea ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean is constantly drifting, cracking and melting, so it is impossible to accumulate thousands of meters of ice and snow over millions of years like the Antarctic continent. As a result, the total amount of snow and ice in the Arctic is only close to 1 10 of that of Antarctica, and most of it is concentrated in the continental ice sheet of Greenland, while the Arctic Ocean sea ice, other islands and surrounding land contain only a small fraction of the permanent snow and ice. The vast majority of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by sea ice all year round, making it the only white ocean on Earth.

The Arctic Ocean sea ice is on average 3 metres thick and covers 73 per cent of the total ocean area in winter, or about 1,000,11 million square kilometres, and 53 per cent, or about 750,800 square kilometres in summer. **Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been around for 3 million years and is permanent.

The southern boundary of sea ice is not fixed and can often vary by several hundred kilometres depending on hydrometeorological conditions. Under the action of wind and ocean currents, ice floes can accumulate and form huge icebergs. The vast majority of icebergs commonly seen refer to huge bodies of ice larger than 5 meters in diameter that have collapsed from continental edge ice shelves or continental ice sheets.

Large table-shaped icebergs are typically up to 200 300 metres thick and have an average lifespan of up to 4 years. If you're lucky, you might even see a particularly huge iceberg, tens of kilometers long, like a white land stretching across the dark gray sea. Icebergs formed by sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, together with icebergs formed by glaciers and ice shelves from islands such as Greenland, enter the Atlantic Ocean or the waters off Alaska with ocean currents, and individual icebergs can drift southward to 40°N.

In the Arctic, the herbivores that are slightly larger than lemmings are hares, but they are much less abundant than lemmings.

1. The Arctic is characterized by a cold climate all year round, with ice and snow on the edge of the Arctic and a long winter. In winter, there is a polar night, and the summer in the Arctic is very short, and the sun hangs in the sky for several weeks in a row, and the polar day phenomenon occurs.

2. The Arctic region is an out-and-out ice and snow world, but due to the movement of ocean currents, the sea ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean is always drifting, cracking and melting, so it is impossible to accumulate thousands of meters of ice and snow over millions of years like the Antarctic continent.

The Arctic climate is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The climate change in the Arctic is diverse, but extreme changes in sunshine occur in both winter and summer. Some areas are covered with snow and ice all year round (sea ice, glaciers or snow), and most areas have snow and ice on the surface for most of the year.

The average temperature in January in the Arctic ranges from -40 to 0, and the minimum temperature can drop below -50 in most parts of winter. The average temperature in July ranges from -10 to 10, with summer highs of more than 30 in some areas.

The central part of the Arctic region is the Arctic Ocean, surrounded by the continents of Europe, Asia and America. As a result, the climate in the Arctic is milder due to the ocean waters. The sea temperature in the Arctic is basically above -2.

Because of this relatively warm water, the Arctic is not the coldest region in the Northern Hemisphere in winter, despite the huge ice caps floating on the water, and is significantly "warmer" than the South Pole. And in the summer, the cold waters also make the coastal areas of the Arctic Ocean cooler.

Winter in the Arctic is mainly controlled by a strong and persistent surface temperature inversion, with surface temperatures below -30 and rising to around -25 at altitudes of 500 meters above the surface, and about -20 at altitudes of 1500 meters, between 5001500 meters, and usually with a deep stratosphere.

In summer, the snow on the ground and ice begins to melt, the ground becomes wet, the water evaporates, and the disturbance mixes, creating a mixed layer of the ground. Advection inversions still exist in the middle layer for 40% of the summer months, but the intensity is weak, and the frequency of surface inversions over the Arctic basin is 15% to 20%.

The winter is cold and long, the summer is short and cool, it belongs to the polar ice field climate, the whole winter is in the state of eternal night, although the summer half of the year is eternal day, but the sun shines obliquely, and the heat obtained is weak, so the climate is severe and cold all year round.

Cold, strong winds, and dryness are the climatic characteristics of the Arctic region.