What is a big and small year in fruit tree planting?

"Big and small years" refers to the phenomenon that the annual yield of some crops, especially fruit trees, obviously fluctuates between high and low, also known as alternate year fruiting, periodic fruiting or branch breaking. The severity of "big and small years" is usually measured by the following method: "big and small years" amplitude number = difference between two consecutive years of production 100% of the sum of two consecutive years.

Generally speaking, if the yield of fruit trees differs by more than 20% for two consecutive years, it is considered that there is a "big and small year" phenomenon. <>

Different tree species have different degrees of "big and small years". For example, the "big and small" phenomenon of fruit trees such as grapes, peaches, plums, and cherries is not obvious; The phenomenon of "big and small years" of fruit trees such as apples and pears is more obvious. The yield of the same tree species and different varieties varies in the "big and small years".

The early and late maturity period and the age of the fruit tree have a certain relationship with the size of the year. Generally, late-maturing varieties are heavier than early-maturing and medium-maturing varieties; Adult and old trees are heavier than juvenile trees. For example, in pear trees, the difference between "big and small years" of autumn pear system is greater than that of white pear system. Late-maturing varieties are larger than early-maturing varieties.

Undoubtedly, the existence of the phenomenon of "big and small years" has seriously affected the yield of fruits and the economic benefits of orchards. <>

Fruit trees consume too much nutrients in the first year, so there are not many nutrients to produce in the second year, so the yield in the second year will drop and become a small year.

After the accumulation of nutrients in the second year, the third year can produce better, and the more fruits are produced, which is called a big year.

There are many ways to eliminate this phenomenon.

To put it simply, the yield of many fruit trees will be high every year and low every year, and there are many reasons for this. The high yield is called a big year, and the low one is called a small year.

In addition, there are also "big and small years" in the enrollment of colleges and universities.

1. There are two reasons for the size of fruit trees. One reason is the irrational cultivation technique, and the other reason is the competition for nutrition.

2. Cultivation technology that is not sensitive: If the pest control is not timely in a certain year, a large number of leaves fall in July and August, and flower buds cannot be formed well in that year, resulting in a small year in the following year. For example, in the year of a large number of flowering and fruiting, neither fruit thinning nor top dressing is carried out in early spring and its critical time, so that the tree is not nutritious and the flower buds are poorly differentiated, resulting in or aggravating the occurrence of large and small years.

Method: After the apple is bagged, the new growth needs a large amount of calcium, which is easy to compete with the fruit. According to the law of calcium absorption by plants, calcium is the first to be distributed in the part of vigorous growth and transpiration, and after bagging, due to the blocking of fruit bags, transpiration is weaker, that is to say, if competition occurs, the calcium that can be obtained in the fruit is very small.

3. Competition of nutrients: In the big year with a lot of fruit in the land model, nutrients are continuously transported to the fruit, which greatly reduces the storage nutrients of the tree, resulting in the inability to form flower buds in that year, so it is a small year after the big year; In addition, due to the small year with less fruit, the accumulation of nutrients in the tree increases, which creates good material conditions for the differentiation of flower buds, and the next year is a big year, and so on, forming a vicious circle. Method:

The fruit expansion period is also the morphological differentiation period of apple flower buds, and it is necessary to increase the supplement of nutrients to promote the differentiation of flower buds, so that the apple flower buds are more and the flower buds are full, and the yield is high year after year.

<> apple and pear trees often produce more fruit in a year, and less or even no fruit in a year. Can this phenomenon be overcome?

Big and small years refer to the phenomenon that some crops, especially fruit trees, produce more in one year (called big years) and less in one year (called small years). When a fruit tree produces fruit, there is often a peculiar phenomenon, that is, if it bears a lot of fruit that year, then it will not bear much or even no fruit at all in the next year. This phenomenon is even more pronounced in some major fruit trees, such as apples and pears.

People call this phenomenon the small year of the fruit tree.

There are too many flower buds in the fruit tree, which exceeds the reasonable burden of the tree, and the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds is greater than 1:2. Here's how to adjust it:

When pruning, the crossed, overlapping, and inappropriate large branches are re-pruned, the weaker fruiting branch group is retracted, the overly dense fruiting branch group is thinned, and the medium-long fruit branches on the shortening fruiting group are shortened, and the excess flower buds are removed intensively, so that the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds is maintained at about 1:3. When thinning the fruit, remove too many young fruits, reduce the burden on the tree, improve the light conditions, and promote its renewal and rejuvenation.

The young age of a fruit tree means that the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds on the tree is less than 1:4. At this time, it is necessary to prune the young trees lightly, focus on preserving the flower buds, and strive to leave only the exact flower buds on the tree.

For the fruit branches and weak branches that have been identified as not flower buds, they should be appropriately re-cut to promote their growth, so that they no longer form flower buds and increase the number of flower buds next year (big year). Artificial pollination was carried out during the flowering period to improve the fruit setting rate.

If every effort is made to preserve the amount of flowers on the young tree and ensure that it bears fruit, it will be possible to produce a lot of small trees.

If we want to solve this phenomenon, we must strengthen the management of fertilization, carry out reasonable pruning of fruit trees, and we must pay attention to the thinning of vegetables and fruits.

It may be because you don't get enough sunlight, so I suggest building a shed or getting a sun fan.

Root stunting, improper management, large nutrient competition, and unreasonable cultivation management; Strengthen water and fertilizer management and prune reasonably.

Fruit trees bear fruit this year, this year's yield will be low, this is called a large and small year in fruit tree production. When the fruit is full of branches, the nutrients in the fruit tree are transported and stored in large quantities in the fruit, and the growth of branches and flower buds is affected. In the second year, as the number of flower buds decreases, fewer flowers bloom and fewer fruits naturally bear fruit.

That is, the small year of fruit tree production. And in this year of low fruit, the nutrients in the fruit trees are not consumed in the fruits, and naturally accumulate in their own bodies. The branches have enough nutrients**, they grow strongly, and the flower buds are abundant and full.

As you can imagine, the small year was followed by a fruitful year. In addition, there is a hormone called gibberellin in the seeds, which is also one of the reasons for the results. Gibberellin is mostly formed in seeds.

In the big year, there are many seeds, and the gibberellin in the seeds is transferred to the tree, and the gibberellin reduces the number of flower buds, resulting in less fruit in the second year. In the younger years, there are fewer fruits, fewer seeds, and less gibberellin, so there are more flower buds and more fruits, forming a good harvest year in the second year. In order to control the size of fruit trees and make fruit trees produce steadily, people must control the number of flower buds and fruits, and of course, apply good fertilizer to prevent pests.

The size of the fruit tree is related to the amount of nutrients inside the fruit tree, the first year bears more fruit, the tree body supplements the nutrients insufficiently, and the tree body is tired, the second year bears less fruit, and the third year bears more fruit, which is the size of the year. Fruit growers generally remove fruit and apply fertilizer during the fruit-setting period.

1. The reasons for the formation of large and small years.

1) Too much flowering and fruiting in a big year, so that the fruit trees consume too much nutrients in the current year, thus causing the tree to weaken in the second year, flowering and fruiting less, and forming a small year.

2) Improper and extensive orchard management, such as uneven application of fertilizer and water or improper pruning.

Second, the solution.

1) Large-year trees pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient consumption of fruit trees; Small trees focus on strengthening fertilizer and water management, shoveling grass and loosening soil, increasing the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, and protecting flowers and fruits.

2) Adjust the ratio of fruiting branch groups to vegetative branches through pruning techniques.

3) Strengthen the management of orchard fertilizer and water, and apply basal fertilizer early.

To put it simply, there is a year when the fruit tree does not bear too much fruit, this year is a big year, because there are too many fruits, tired, wait for the second year to rest for a year, the result is less, wait until the third year, because of the rest for a year, and work hard to bear fruit, it is a big year, and tired, the fourth year is a small year, and so on.