Briefly describe the characteristics of the historical development of the Liaoxia and Jin dynasties

Song, Liaoxi, Xia and Jin periods (947, 1279).

In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of the Song Dynasty, initiated the Chenqiao Mutiny, and the later Zhou Li Song (960 1279) put an end to the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. During the same period, the Khitans established the Liao ( 947 1125 ) party in the northern part of China and the Song dynasty ( 1038 1227 ) in the northwestern part of the Song Dynasty . In 1115, the Jurchens established a national kingdom in the north ( 1115 1234 ) Jin destroyed Liao in 1125 , invaded Kaifeng in 1127 , captured the two emperors of Hui and Qin, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

Song Gaozu Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Nanjing Ying Tianfu ( present-day Shangqiu, Henan ) , and later fled to Lin'an ( present-day Hangzhou ) , which was for a long time in southern Jiangnan , for the Southern Song Dynasty .

During this period, the scientific and technological achievements were particularly prominent, and the three major inventions of the finger needle, printing and gunpowder were put into practical use, among which the movable type printing technology invented by Bi Sheng was 400 years earlier than that of Europe; Su Song created the world's first celestial clock, the Water Transport Observatory; Shen Kuo's " Dream Creek Writing Talk " enjoys a lofty position in the history of science and technology . In terms of culture, science prevailed, and Taoism, Buddhism and foreign religions were all popular. In literature , there are great prose writers such as Ouyang Xiu ; Song Ci was the peak of literature in this period, and Yan Shu , Liu Yong , Su Shi , Zhou Bangyan , Li Qingzhao , Xin Qiji , etc. were all synonymous sects ; Song and Jin Shi scripts and operas were also more popular ; The paintings are famous for their landscapes, flowers and birds, and the paintings of folk characters such as Zhang Xuanduan's "Picture of the River in the Qingming Dynasty" are of great historical value.

The first paragraph is the change of dynastic power, and the second paragraph is the history of science and technology culture. I don't know if it's what you're looking for, please bear with me if you don't answer well.

The great integration of nationalities and the southward shift of the economic center.

The Liaoxia Jin regime studied the political system of the Han regime.

Economically, the border areas have set up mutual markets for economic exchanges.

Social conventions and life exercises influence each other.

In terms of production methods, Liao Xia Jin learned the farming techniques of the mainland, and the Song learned the horse breeding techniques of a few clans.

There has been a significant development in agriculture. Northern song dynasty.

Handicraft production technology.

There are further developments.

The business economy is active. During the Song Dynasty, cities and commerce flourished, and paper money appeared.

to foreign trade boom. The Song Dynasty set up special institutions to manage foreign trade; The foreign trade ports of the Yuan Dynasty became famous overseas.

The Liao Dynasty (907-1125 AD) was also known as the Liao State, the Great Liao, and the Khitan, referred to as Liao.

In 907 A.D., Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji unified the Khitan tribes called Khan, the country name "Khitan", the year name of the establishment in 916, the country name "Liao" in 947, the name of the country was changed to "Khitan" in 983, the country name "Liao" was restored in 1066, and it was destroyed by the Jin State in 1125.

After the death of Liao, Yelu Dashi moved west to the Chu River valley in Central Asia to establish Western Liao, which was destroyed by the Mongol Khanate in 1218.

Western Xia was a feudal regime established by the Dangxiang people in western China between 1038 and 1227 AD.

In the first year of Tang Zhonghe (881), Tuoba Sigong occupied Xiazhou (now Hengshan County in northern Shaanxi), and was named the Duke of Xia, on October 11, 1038, Li Yuanhao was called the emperor, and the founding name was Daxia. And because it is in the West, the Song people called it "Western Xia".

In 1224, the Mongols conquered Yinchuan. Li Dewang surrendered to Mongolia and sent hostages to avoid the destruction of the country. In 1225, after Genghis Khan's victory in the Western Expedition, he began to attack Western Xia.

In 1226, Li Dewang fell ill and died, and his nephew Li Li was proclaimed emperor. In 1227, Li surrendered to the Mongols. Genghis Khan was dead at this time, but he did not mourn in secret, lest the Western Xia regret it.

After Li surrendered, he was killed according to Genghis Khan's will, and the Dangxiang clan was also exterminated. Western Xia perished.

Jin (1115-1234), also known as the Great Jin, Jin State, and Jin Dynasty, was a regime established by the Jurchen people in today's northeastern China, founded by Jin Taizu Wanyan Min, whose country name was Jin, and was founded in 1115 as the capital of Ningfu (now Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province). In 1125, the Liao was destroyed, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed the following year. Later, the capital was moved to Zhongdu, and then the capital was moved to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan).

In the third year of Tianxing (1234), it was destroyed by the joint attack of Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty, and a total of 10 emperors were experienced.

Answer: Liao (907-1125).

Founded in 907, the country name Khitan, the founding year name in 916, the country name changed to Liao in 937 (one said 947), the Khitan in the summer of 983, and the Liao in 1066.

Western Xia (1038-1227).

It was a feudal regime established in 1038 AD in western China by the Dangxiang people. Because it was in the West, the Song people called it "Western Xia".

Jin Dynasty (1115-1234).

The Jurchens flourished in the present-day Heilongjiang and Songhua River basins and the Changbai Mountain area. On January 28, 1115, the Jurchen leader Wanyan Agu was proclaimed emperor and founded the country, and the country was named Dajin.

The Liao Dynasty (916-1125) was a feudal dynasty established by the Khitan people in Chinese history.

In 916, Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji officially established the country as the emperor and became the founder of the Liao regime, with the country name "Khitan", and the capital was Linhuangfu (now Nanboluo City, Balinzuoqi, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia). In 947, Liao Taizong led his army south to the Central Plains, captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) and destroyed the Later Jin Dynasty. In 983, it was renamed "Great Khitan", and in 1066, Yelu Hongji, the Taoist sect of Liao, restored the name of the country "Liao".

In 1125, it was destroyed by the Jin Kingdom.

The Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century BC – c. 16th century BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books. The Xia Dynasty is generally considered to be a state in the form of multiple tribal confederations or complex chiefdoms. Among the cultural relics of the Xia period, there are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels, dating from the late Neolithic Age and the early Bronze Age.

In 1600 BC, Shang Tang led the Shang tribe to destroy the Xia Dynasty and establish the Shang Dynasty.

The Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) was a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchens in Chinese history. In 1234, the Jin Kingdom fell under the attack of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongols in the north and south.

The <> Liao, Song, Xia, and Jin dynasties were important stages in Chinese history, and they were also an important part of the history of the development of China's ethnic relations. During these periods, different ethnic regimes emerged and fought against each other, which had an important impact on the development of ethnic relations in China.

First of all, these periods were periods in Chinese history when the Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui and other ethnic groups mingled with each other. The intermingling, integration and communication between various ethnic groups have promoted the development of social, cultural, economic and other fields, and also made China a diversified cultural system.

Second, the wars and relations between the various ethnic regimes have also had a profound impact on the trend of China's historical rift. Through wars and alliances, some national regimes were able to gain more resources and territories and strengthen their own national power, which helped them to rule. But this domination also brought about the disorder of social industry and production, as well as culture and art.

History has also proven that the ideas of cultural diversity, racial equality, and interaction and exchange can promote the development of a nation itself more than the destruction of war.

Finally, we should adopt an open and inclusive attitude towards the development of China's ethnic relations. We need to understand the history and background of each national regime and respect the rights, cultures and ways of life of different peoples.

Only in this way can we give birth to a more unified China with better ethnic relations in a pluralistic Chinese society.