The pathogenesis of peach carbon maggot disease and what are the prevention and control methods?

Anthracnose is one of the main diseases on peach trees. There are different degrees of occurrence in peach producing areas in various places. Anthrax is mainly harmful to fruits, but also to branches and leaves, and often causes heavy losses to damaged fruits.

Symptom. Peach anthracnose is a slight damage branch, the lesion is oblong, greenish-brown, dark brown on the edge, slightly concave, the surface produces pink mucus, and the branch dies slightly when the disease is severe.

The fruit is damaged, the initial fruit surface is light brown water-stained spots, after enlargement, the lesions are round or oval, dark brown, the lesions are concave, and the pink sticky small grains on it are arranged in the form of concentric rings, that is, the conidia disc and the overflowing conidia of the pathogen. The diseased fruit is soft and rotten, some fall off, and some will shrink into stiff fruit and hang on the tree.

Patterns of occurrence. The pathogen overwinters in the diseased branches and diseased dead fruits with mycelium, and produces conidia in the spring of the second year, which are spread by wind, rain and insects, infecting new shoots and young fruits, and the spores produced by the diseased fruits continue to cause re-infection. Generally, it occurs from May, and July is the peak of the disease, and the disease will occur seriously when the fruit is near ripe and rainy and high-temperature.

Prevention and control measures. During winter pruning, cut off diseased shoots and diseased dead fruits, and transport them out of the garden to reduce germs**. During the growing season, it is necessary to cut off the diseased fruits and pick up the fallen fruits at any time to prevent re-infection.

Before germination, the tree was sprayed with 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture once. After flowering, at the beginning of the disease, spray fungicide every 10 days or so, and spray 3-4 times in a row, which can effectively control the spread of the disease. Commonly used agents are 70% methyl tobuzine 1000 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, 80% mancozeb 800 times, 10% difenoconazole 2000 times.

In addition, it is necessary to prune reasonably and strengthen the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard. Apply more organic fertilizer, and reasonably mix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizer. Implement fruit bagging, combine fruit thinning before bagging, remove diseased fruits, and spray fungicides.

In the rainy season, it is necessary to drain the water in time to prevent the orchard from accumulating, reduce the humidity of the orchard, and reduce the infection of pathogens.

It generally occurs during the flowering period of the plant. Once the plant is found to be sick, it should be used in time to spray the plant leaves evenly, and it should not be watered during the medication, otherwise there will be no effect.

1.Anthrax Anthrax can occur in humans due to injury, contact with dead animals or spores-containing fur, soil and some leather mouths, and the disease can be transmitted directly from person to person. It usually occurs on exposed areas such as the face, neck, hands, or shoulders.

At the beginning of the invasion of the bacteria**, a small red papule appears, and the papules quickly turn into blisters containing clear or bloody serous fluid. The surrounding tissues are markedly swollen and infiltrated, and soon the blisters suppurate and burst spontaneously, and serous or pus drain out. Necrosis occurs in the center of the lesion and forms a hard, black, dry scab, on the periphery of the scab** redness and swelling, on which there are small blisters and pustules.

The lymph nodes near the affected area are swollen and often suppurated. Patients often have symptoms such as headache, arthralgia, fever, and general malaise. Most patients have mild symptoms, and the necrotic ** tissue falls off to form ulcers, and finally the scar heals.

In a small number of severe patients, local redness and swelling are obvious, bullae form and severe necrosis. Patients often have symptoms of poisoning such as persistent high fever, nausea, vomiting, and body aches. Within a few days or weeks, internal organs such as the lungs, intestines, liver, spleen, and brain may metastasize, resulting in rapid death.

2.Intestinal anthrax Intestinal anthrax can occur when eating the meat of sick or dead animals and drinking contaminated water or milk from sick animals. Rarely, patients suddenly develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as high fever, subsequent vomiting, and diarrhea.

Sometimes hepatosplenomegaly, peritonitis, and patients may die in a short period of time due to toxemia, sepsis, and failure. 3.Pulmonary anthrax Pulmonary anthrax can occur by inhaling dust with spores, and its mortality rate is higher, the onset is acute, and there are symptoms of poisoning such as chills and high fever.

Cough, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, death within 24 hours due to respiratory and circulatory failure, and rarely, anthrax meningitis.

Plant anthracnose is mainly caused by the fungus Melanospora. Stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, and seedlings are all susceptible to infection. Anthracnose is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus anthracis and is most susceptible to herbivorous livestock such as cattle, horses, and sheep.

The main symptoms are high fever, purple-black mucous membranes, dyspnea, and enlarged spleen, which often lead to death without medical treatment. Human anthrax is contracted by contact with the skin of sick animals, inhalation of dust carrying the fungus (spore), or ingestion of undercooked meat from sick animals. The disease has an incubation period of about 7 days but is completely ill for up to 60 days, with early symptoms including cough that soon progress to severe breathing disorders and cramps.

The first means of doing this is the use of antibiotics and, now, vaccines to prevent the spread of anthrax. Because anthrax initially resembles the flu, it is easy to overlook. Experts believe that doctors must administer antibiotics to infected people before they develop symptoms in order to be effective**, otherwise the patient will die within a few days of the onset of the disease.

In the 20th century, only 18 cases of inhalation anthrax were found in the United States. Of the cases that have been indefected, 95% are ** anthrax caused by contact with animals or animal tissues. However, as a pathogenic bacterial virus, anthrax is easy to deploy and highly lethal, and some countries use anthrax to create biochemicals**.