What ledger accounts are involved in cost carry forward?

Accounts involved in the carry-forward costs of industrial enterprises: the cost of main business.

Finished products, production costs, manufacturing expenses.

Wait. Carry forward the cost of sales.

Hours: Borrow: Cost of Main Business, Credit: Finished Products, When Carrying Forward Production Costs: Borrow: Finished Products, Credit: Production Costs, When Carrying Forward Manufacturing Expenses: Borrow: Production Costs.

Credit: Manufacturing expenses.

Methods of cost carry-forward:

1. First-in-first-out method.

The first-in-first-out method is the first to purchase the inventory first to ship, the cost belongs to the physical cost, the cost of computer processing should be obtained by the computer automatic analysis, and the unit cost should not be modifiable, the user only enters the quantity of shipments when shipping, does not enter the cost unit price, and the cost unit price is obtained by the computer automatic analysis.

2. Last-in-first-out method: The last-in-first-out method is the first shipment of the inventory purchased later, and the first-in-first-out method, its cost should be obtained by automatic computer analysis, and its unit cost should not be modifiable. To this end, the computer must record the purchase quantity and cost in chronological order, and the user enters the shipment quantity when shipping, and does not enter the cost unit price, and the computer analyzes the cost in the reverse order with the first-in-first-out method.

3. Individual valuation method.

Individual pricing method for individual pricing of shipment costs, suitable for cost-sensitive enterprises, such as large hospitals, inventory department after the purchase of inventory, to be used by various departments, in the case of strict cost accounting, the cost of each department is directly linked to the benefit bonus, at this time the cost must be individually priced, that is, it must be priced in accordance with the market of the products required by the department.

In computer processing, it is necessary to enable the user to enter both the quantity and the cost unit price. This method is closest to the principle of accounting for valuation at cost, but it is relatively complex, even if the computer is used, the workload may be relatively large, and it is suitable for the inventory that is generally not interchangeable or easy to identify, the number of inventory varieties is not much, and the unit ** is higher.

4. Weighted average method: It is a weighted average method once a month, which calculates the weighted average unit price of inventory at the end of the month according to the quantity and purchase cost of the inventory balance at the beginning of the period and the income inventory in the current period.

In order to obtain the cost of inventory issued and the cost of inventory in the current period. This approach has to wait until the end of the month to obtain the cost**, which is contrary to the immediate management characteristics of computers, so there is no need to adopt its management.

5. Moving weighted average method.

This method is a common method used in computer software design because of its simplicity.

Main business costs, finished products, production costs, manufacturing expenses, etc. On the basis of our day-to-day accounting records, we have collected the various expenses incurred in the production of our products, of which the direct expenses are recorded in the "Production Costs" account and the indirect costs are recorded in the "Manufacturing Expenses" account. The indirect costs that are grouped in the "manufacturing expenses" need to be carried forward to the production cost of the product in question by selecting the appropriate standard allocation in order to calculate the production cost of the finished product and then determine the cost of sales of the sold product.

Therefore, the cost carry-forward is a follow-up to the adjustment of the accounts at the end of the period, and the purpose is to match the income of the current period with the expenses of the current period in order to correctly determine the profit and loss of the current period. 1.The first step of the allocation of manufacturing expenses is to calculate the distribution rate of manufacturing costsThe distribution rate of manufacturing expenses = the total number of manufacturing expenses The second step is to calculate the manufacturing costs that should be borne by various products.

The manufacturing cost to be borne by a certain product = the man-hour allocation rate of the production workers of the product The third step is to prepare a carry-forward entry according to the calculation results.

The accounting entries are:

Borrow: production costs.

Credit: Manufacturing expenses.

2.Calculation and carry-over of the manufacturing cost of the finished product in the current month = the cost of the product at the beginning of the month + the production cost of the month - the cost of the product at the end of the month.

Unit manufacturing cost of finished products = total manufacturing cost of finished products in this month The number of finished products in this month needs to set up a "finished product" account to reflect the increase or decrease of finished products. Borrow: Finished products.

Credit: Production Costs 3The calculation of the cost of sales and the carry-over of finished products are completed and put into storage, the amount of which is the cost of products completed in the previous period and the current period, and the finished products issued by the sale may be completed and put into storage in the current period, or they may be completed and stored in the previous period or in the previous period, and the unit production cost of each batch of finished products is different, so it is necessary to calculate and determine with a certain valuation method.

In each accounting period, the enterprise must allocate the cost of finished products in inventory at the beginning of the period and the cost of products from products that are completed and put into storage at the end of the period between the finished products sold in the current period and the finished products in the end of the period. The cost of products with revenue, issuance, and balance in the month can be expressed by the following formula: the cost of finished products in inventory at the beginning of the month + the cost of finished products in the warehouse at the beginning of the month = the cost of finished products sold in this month + the cost of finished products in inventory at the end of the month If the cost of finished products sold is calculated at the end of the month and the cost of the balance of finished products in inventory is determined, the following formula can be used:

The cost of finished products sold this month = the cost of finished products in inventory at the beginning of the month + the cost of finished products in storage this month - the cost of finished products in inventory at the end of the month The specific calculation methods include individual pricing method, weighted average method, first-in-first-out method, and last-in-first-out method. The cost of sales of finished products determined by valuation in accordance with the above method shall be carried forward from the credit side of the "finished products" account to the debit side of the "cost of main business" account.

Different industries have different accounts for carrying forward costs, and the carry-forward methods are also different.

For example: 1. Subjects involved in the carry-over cost of industrial enterprises: main business costs, finished products, production costs, manufacturing expenses, etc.

When carrying forward the cost of sales:

Borrow: Cost of main business.

Credit: Finished products.

When carrying forward production costs:

Borrow: Finished products.

Credit: Production costs.

When manufacturing expenses are carried forward:

Borrow: production costs.

Credit: Manufacturing expenses.

2. Subjects involved in the carry-over cost of construction enterprises: engineering construction, project settlement costs, etc.

When the construction company carries forward the cost of completion.

Borrow: Project settlement cost.

Credit: Engineering Construction.

3. Subjects involved in the carry-over cost of real estate enterprises: development costs, development products, main business costs, etc.

When the completion of commercial housing development is carried forward.

Borrow: Develop a product.

Credit: Development costs.

When carrying forward the cost of selling commercial housing.

Borrow: Cost of main business.

Credit: Develop a product.

1. When the enterprise adopts the planned cost accounting, the materials purchased at the time of purchase are included in the "material procurement" account according to the actual cost

Borrow: Material Purchase (Actual Cost).

Tax Payable – VAT payable (input tax).

Credit: cash in hand, bank deposits, accounts payable, notes payable, etc.

2. After checking the warehouse, the planned cost will be included in the "raw materials", and the difference between the two will be included in the "material cost difference" account

Borrow: raw materials (planned costs).

Material cost variance (overrun variance).

Credit: Material Purchases (Actual Cost).

or material cost variances (savings variances).

3. When issuing materials, the cost saving difference of materials is formed

Borrow: Material Cost Variance (Savings Variance Planned Cost of Issued Materials Material Cost Variance Rate).

Credit: Production Costs, Manufacturing Expenses, Administrative Expenses.

4. When the material is issued, the overrun cost difference of the material is knotted

Borrow: production costs, sail making costs, management costs.

Credit: Material Cost Variance (Overrun Variance, Planned Cost of Materials Issued, Material Cost Variance Rate).

Material cost variance rate (the cost difference of the materials in the opening balance The cost difference of the first accompanying materials in the current period) (the planned cost of the remaining materials in the opening period and the planned cost of the materials in the current period) 100

To sum up, the debit side of the "Material Cost Variance" account registers the overrun variance and the savings variance to be borne by the issued material, and the credit side registers the savings variance and the overrun variance to be borne by the issued material.

The practice of transferring the amount and balance of an accounting account to another accounting account is called carry-forward, and the carry-forward cost can be understood as transferring the corresponding cost to the relevant account, so how to do the relevant accounting entries?

1. Basic accounting treatment of main business costs:

Borrow: Cost of main business.

Provision for decline in inventory value.

Credit: Inventory Goods, Contract Performance Costs, etc.

End of Period: Borrow: Profit for the year.

Credit: Cost of Principal Operations.

2. Basic accounting treatment of other business costs

Borrow: Other operating costs.

Credit: raw materials.

Turnover materials. Accumulated depreciation (when a fixed asset is leased).

Accumulated amortization (when leasing intangible assets).

bank deposits, etc.

End of Period: Borrow: Profit for the year.

Credit: Other business costs.

What is Accumulated Depreciation?

Accumulated depreciation is the amount that should be amortized over the benefit period of a fixed asset during its use. The accumulated depreciation account is an allowance adjustment account for the asset class, with an increase in credit registrations, a decrease in debit registrations, and a bad balance generally on the credit side, reflecting the total amount of accumulated depreciation. When the depreciation of fixed assets is accrued on a regular (monthly) basis, the accounts such as "manufacturing expenses", "sales expenses", "management expenses", "R&D expenses" and "other business costs" are debited and credited, and the accumulated depreciation should be carried forward at the same time as the disposal of fixed assets.

What is Accumulated Amortization?

Accumulated amortization is used to amortize intangible assets, and the accumulated amortization account belongs to the asset account, and its balance is generally on the credit side, and the credit side registers the accumulated amortization that has been accrued. The enterprise accrues the amortization of intangible assets on a monthly basis, debits the accounts such as "management expenses" and "other business costs", and credits this account; When disposing of intangible assets, the accumulated amortization should also be carried forward at the same time, debited to this account and credited to the relevant account.

1. This account accounts for the actual costs incurred by insurance intermediaries in engaging in their main business.

It includes commissions paid to marketers, office expenses, depreciation expenses, utilities, personnel salaries, welfare expenses, travel expenses, transportation expenses, communication expenses, and other costs directly related to the main business.

2. For the business started and completed in the same fiscal year, the company shall carry forward the main business cost at the same time as the main business income;

For cross-year business, the main business cost that should be carried forward shall be calculated and determined in accordance with the prescribed method at the end of the year. When carrying forward the cost of main business, accounts such as "cost of main business" should be debited and the relevant accounts should be credited.

Generally speaking, wholesale sales of goods should be accounted for according to the original purchase price of the goods, and when carrying forward the cost of sales, you can choose to use:

First-in-first-out method, weighted average method, moving weighted average method, individual pricing method, last-in-first-out method, gross margin method and other methods.

After calculating the actual cost of sales of the goods, the enterprise shall carry out the accounting treatment of the carried forward cost of sales in accordance with the prescribed requirements. In practice, there are two ways to carry forward the cost of goods sold: daily carry-forward and regular carry-forward.

Generally speaking, consignment sales business and direct shipment goods sales business should be carried forward on a daily basis, and other sales business should be carried forward on a regular basis (monthly or quarterly).

When carrying forward costs, the following entries should be made according to the "Principal Business Cost Calculation Sheet":

Borrow: Cost of main business.

Credit: Inventory of goods

For retail goods, the selling price amount calculation method is generally used in practice.

At the end of the month, in order to calculate the actual cost of the goods sold, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the purchase and sales of the goods sold according to a certain method.

1) Comprehensive spread rate calculation method;

2) Classification difference rate calculation method (or cabinet group price difference rate calculation method);

3) Calculation method of the price difference between the purchase and sale of inventory commodities.

The accounting treatment of the income realized by the unit is as follows: debit: bank deposits and other accounts, credit: main business income, tax payable - tax payable on value-added (output tax).

The accounting treatment of the cost corresponding to the transfer of income is: borrow: main business cost, credit: depreciation of the source section - fixed assets, inventory goods, labor costs and other accounts.

At the end of the month, the enterprise will carry forward the costs and expenses to the "current year's profit" account, and there should be no balance after the carry-over. How should the relevant accounting entries be prepared?

1. Carry forward the accounting entries of the cost accounts.

Borrow: Profit for the current year.

Credit: Cost of Principal Operations.

Other business costs.

Non-operating expenses.

Taxes and surcharges.

2. Accounting entries of income accounts carried forward.

Borrow: main business income.

Other business income.

Non-operating income.

Credit: Profit for the year.

3. Accounting entries for carry-forward expenses.

Borrow: Profit for the current year.

Credit: Selling expenses.

Management fees. Finance Expenses.

What is the profit for the year?

It refers to the net profit or net loss of an enterprise in a certain fiscal year, which belongs to the owner's equity account. It is calculated and determined by the composition of corporate profits, and is a dynamic indicator formed by the gradual accumulation of enterprises from January to December of the Gregorian calendar year.

The profit for the year is a summary account. The income realized by the credit registered enterprise in the current period, including main business income, other business income, investment income, subsidy income, non-operating income, etc.; The expenses and expenses incurred by the debit registered enterprise in the current period include main business costs, other business costs, taxes and surcharges, sales expenses, management expenses, financial expenses, investment income, non-operating expenses, income tax, etc.

What is included in the cost?

Including main business costs, other business costs, taxes and surcharges, sales expenses, management expenses, and financial expenses.

Cost refers to the various expenses incurred by the enterprise in producing products and providing labor services for China Tomato, such as material consumption, salary expenses, depreciation expenses, etc. Costs can usually be divided into product costs and labor costs.

Expenses refer to the outflow of economic benefits incurred by enterprises for daily activities such as selling goods and providing labor services. Expenses can usually be divided into operating costs and period expenses. According to its economic use, the period expenses can be divided into three types: management expenses, sales expenses and financial expenses.