2 Briefly describe the causes of fatigue fractures.

Fatigue fracture, also known as marching fracture or stress fracture, mainly refers to a phenomenon in which the bone cannot withstand severe pressure under long-term repeated operation, resulting in a partial or complete fracture of the bone, and it can also be said to be the result of overuse of normal bone. Fatigue fracture is one of the common training injuries, with a high incidence in military training, 31% reported abroad, and reported in China that it is mostly caused by fatigue periostitis in frequent long-distance running, cross-country training or overload training of a single subject, with tibia and fibula, femur, metatarsal and ulnar and radius being more common.

Causes of Fatigue Fractures In general, fatigue fractures are caused by excessive load and muscle fatigue that put a lot of pressure and stress on the bones, resulting in subtle loss of bone mass and gradual accumulation. Movement at the same pace for a long time at a threshold can cause muscles to contract, stretch beyond the ability of the bones to bear, and also cause fatigue fractures. Specifically, there are the following reasons:

1 Young age At present, the age of enlisted soldiers is generally young, and the actual age of soldiers less than 18 years old accounts for a large proportion, it is adolescence, teenagers, the bones are in a state of development, the bones are not completely closed, and it is easy to cause fatigue fractures in long-lasting, strenuous training and sports.

2 Poor physical fitness Although with the development of society and the improvement of people's material living standards, the nutritional structure of adolescents has changed greatly, the incidence of diseases caused by malnutrition such as obesity, rickets, osteomalacia and spontaneous osteoporosis is also relatively high. There are many people with abnormal limb development such as O-shaped legs and X-shaped legs among soldiers, and these abnormal limb development abnormalities increase the pressure on the bones due to the irregular arrangement of the bones, which is a common occurrence of fatigue fractures.

3 Lack of exercise At present, the overall physical fitness of enlisted soldiers has declined, and there is a general lack of physical activity and physical exercise before enlistment, which is reflected in the poor strength of explosiveness, endurance, flexibility, and limb strength, so that they cannot adapt to the training of large amounts of exercise after enlistment.

Chronic injury is the basic cause of fatigue fracture, but when it occurs in different parts, each has its own antecedent factors, such as the patient has a congenital short deformity of the first extension of the bone, then the negative focus of the plantar will be transferred from the first extension of the bone to the second extension of the bone, but the second extension of the bone is much thinner than the first extension of the bone, so fracture is prone to occur. Because this kind of fracture often occurs after recruit training or long-distance marching, it is also called marching fracture, the elderly mostly have osteoporosis, such as long-term cough due to chronic bronchitis, repeated and violent contraction of intercostal muscles, it can produce rib fatigue to this, track and field athletes and ballet dancers are prone to fatigue fractures under the fibula 1 3 or upper tibia 1 3, which is related to the repeated and violent contraction of the calf muscles, and related to the indirect violence of jumping on the ground under the ball of the foot.

For healthy bone tissue to fracture, there must be a great deal of violence. However, in some relatively slender parts of the bone, or the part of the bone structure and morphology changes greatly, it is easy to produce stress concentration, when subjected to a long period of repeated and concentrated slight injury, the first fracture of the body bone beam, and then repair, but in the repair process continues to be affected by external force, so that the repair is impaired, bone resorption increases, repeated this process, and finally leads to complete fracture due to bone resorption greater than bone repair.

Answer]: Fatigue fractures, a cause of fractures. Fractures can be caused by accumulation of minor injuries. Fatigue fractures are more common in the second metatarsal shaft and costometatarsal bones. Metatarsal, distal fibula, and proximal tibia and distal femur may also occur. The gods of the world.

Answer] Row infiltration: c

Fatigue fracture is caused by long-term, repetitive, and minor direct or indirect injuries that lead to fractures in a specific part of the limb, such as 2 3 metatarsal and 1 3 diaphysis fractures under the fibula during long-distance marching.

Answer]: C Fatigue fracture is a fracture of a specific part of the limb caused by a long-term, invulnerable, or minor direct or indirect injury, such as a fracture of the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals and 1 3 diaphysis of the fibula during long-distance marching.

Answer]: Call and D

Fatigue fracture is a fatigue fracture that occurs in a part of the bone that has been subjected to continuous stress for a long time, and is commonly found in the plantar and rotten bones and below the fibula1 3.

What is a fatigue fracture? In fact, fatigue fracture is one of the common training injuries in the training of athletes, dancers, and troops, and the incidence is high. High-intensity training or poor posture can be causes of fatigue fractures.

So, do you know how to prevent fatigue fractures? Now let's learn together.

Fatigue fractures, which tend to occur in areas where skeletal stress is concentrated, are associated with over-intensity training or improper posture, and are more likely to occur during frequent long-distance running, cross-country training, or overload training in a single course. In addition, it is also common in athletes with more weight on the feet, such as basketball, football, tennis, track and field, gymnasts and ballet dancers, and can also be seen in middle-aged and elderly people who often insist on heavy exercise. If the external force continues to be applied during the repair process, the repair disorder can be impaired, and the bone resorption will increase, and the repeated process will eventually lead to complete fracture due to bone resorption greater than bone repair.

How can fatigue fractures be prevented? The occurrence and development of fatigue fracture is a cumulative injury process from quantitative change to qualitative change, and avoiding bone fatigue injury is the key to prevent fatigue fracture. Exercise should be gradual, formulate a scientific training plan according to your own situation, master the amount of exercise, and avoid bone damage caused by overload exercise.

Those who exercise a lot should take in sufficient nutrients every day, replenish the calories and water consumed by physical strength, and appropriately increase calcium and vitamin D'A recent study from Clayton University in the United States showed that even short-term calcium and vitamin D supplementation can significantly reduce the incidence of stress fractures in athletes. In addition, systematic and reasonable functional exercise as soon as possible can not only maintain the normal physiological function level of the body, speed up fracture healing, and prevent the dysfunction of the injured joints at the end of the adjacent body, but more importantly, it can prevent the permanent dysfunction of the injured joints caused by muscle adhesions, joint stiffness and muscle atrophy, maximize the recovery of the patient's limb function, and prevent limb disuse atrophy and joint contracture.

How can fatigue fractures be prevented? Avoiding skeletal fatigue injuries is key to preventing fatigue fractures. Therefore, in daily life and training, everyone should master the amount of exercise and training according to their own situation, and do not overload exercise and training; At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to replenishing sufficient calories and water after a lot of exercise or training to prevent fatigue fractures, which can lead to bone damage.

Fatigue fracture is good to shoot the ante hair in Douhe Cong ().

a.Metatarsal. b.Metatarsal and tibial fibula.

c.The backbone of the empty cherry blossoms.

d.Femoral shaft and femoral neck.

e.Ribs. Correct answer: B

Causes of fatigue fractures

Because fatigue fractures have a slow onset, they are not like acute fractures and are easy to detect and prompt. In general, pain is initially felt only at the site of the fracture. Over time, it gradually worsens.

On physical examination, tenderness is evident at the fracture site, and a palpable bony mass is present at the painful site, and x-rays are helpful.

The best principle of fatigue fractures

The best principle for fatigue fractures is the same as for acute fresh fractures. At the same time, attention should also be paid to removal**. For example, for metatarsal fatigue fractures, in addition to braking with plaster shoes and walking with a cane for 5 to 6 weeks, training should also be stopped to promote fracture healing.

Post-healing recovery should also be gradual. Rib fatigue fractures should be treated with a chronic cough.